7. Ko’plikdagi butun oilani anglatuvchi familyalar bilan the ishlatamiz. Oila nomi ko’plikda kelsa va
butun oila a’zolarni nazarda tutsa the ishlatiladi
Do you know the Aldersons? – Aldersonlarni bilasizmi?
The Parkers are coming for dinner tonight. – Kechki ovqatga Parkerlar kelyabdi.
8. Agar sifat butun odamlar sinfini hammasni tariflasa the ishlatamiz: the rich- boylar, the blind –
ko’rlar
The rich get rich, and the poor stay poor.- Boylar boyiydi, kambag’allar kambag’aligicha qoladi.
The honest are respected. – Halol odamlar hurmat qilinadi.
9. Ortirma darajadagi sifatlar (superlative adjectives) oldidan the ishlatamiz
.
Jill is the most intelligent girl in the class. – Jill sinfdagi eng aqilli qiz
10. Oxirgi harfi sh, ch, yoki ese bilan tugagan millat nomlari the bilan ishlatiladi. Qolgan ko’plikdagi
millat nomlar the bilan yoki the ishlatilishi mumkin(The Americans yoki Americans)
The English are industrious – Inglizlar mehnatkash
11.
Tartib sonlar oldidan the ishlatamiz.
This is the first time I've ridden a horse. – Bu birinchi marta otga minishim
12. Only, next, last, same, right and wrong + ot(noun) kelsa the ishlatamiz:
When is the next train to Cambridge? – Kambrigjga keyingi poyezd qachon?
13. Kino nomlari(the Rex) mehmonxona nomlari(The Ritz Hotel) teatrlar nomlar( the Palace Theatre),
muzey nomlar(The British Museum), gazeta va jurnal nomlari(the Times), kema nomlari(the Mary
Rose) tashkilot nomlari(The European Union) gallelerya nomlari( the Tate Gallery) mashxur
binolar(the Taj Mahal) san’at asarlari nomlari(the Mona Liza) oldidan the ishlatamiz. Nomlar of
bilan kelsa ko’pincha the ishlatamiz(the University of Chicago)
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14. Okean(
the Atlantic
), daryo(
the Nile
) ,dengiz(
the Caspian Sea
) , kanal(
the British Channel
), bo’goz(
The Magellan
Strait
) sahro,(
the Sahara Desert
) sharshara(
The Niagara Falls
), dovon(
The Saint Gotthard Pass
) ko’l (
the Baikal
,
lekin ko’l nomi oldida lake so‘zi kelsa artikl ishlatilamaydi Lake Ohio
) tog’ tizmalari(
The Alps, lekin alohida tog‘
cho‘qqilari artiklsiz ishlatiladi Elbrus) orol guruhlari(The British Isles,
yakka orol nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi
Madagascar) yarim orolar
Peninsula so’zi bilan(
The Balkan Peninsula, lekin peninsula so’zisiz orol nomlari
artiklsiz ishlatiladi Scandinavia
) ko’rfaz(
the Persian Gulf
) the artikli bilan ishlatiladi.
15. Davlat mahkamalari, tashkilotlar, siyosiy partiyalar nomlari the artikli bilan ishlatiladi(
the Liberal
Party, the National Trust, the Church, the London City Council, the Supreme Soviet
.)
16. Til nomlari «language» so’zi bilan kelganda aniq artikl ishlatiladi. Lekin til nomlari yakka kelsa,
English, French va boshqa otlar ingliz tili, fransuz tili ma’nosida kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi: (t
he
English language, the Italian language,)
17. Fasllar nomi ko‘pincha aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
The summer was exceptionally trying in the town - Shaharchada yoz o‘z hukmini
o‘tkazayotgan edi
18. School, university, college, bed, prison, jail, hospital, church so’zlari agar bino tushunulsa umumiy
qoidaga qarab olinadi artikl. Agar siz bu joylarga tashrif buyurvchi bo’lsangiz biror yumush uchun
borsangiz aniq artikl ishlatamiz. Agar siz uyerga taluqli bo’lsangiz masalan maktabga- o’quvchi
bo’lib, qamoqxonaga- maxbus bo’lib borsangiz artiklsiz ishlatiladi.
Mother went to the school yesterday to attend a parents’ meeting. - Ota-onalar majlisiga qatnashish
uchun onam kecha maktabga bordi(onam buyerda maktabga tashrif buyuruvchi ota onalar majlisi
uchun bormoqda)
Jeny is ten years old. Every day she goes to school.- Jeny o‘n yoshda. Har kuni u maktabga
boradi.(buyerda Jeny maktab o’quvchisi shu sababli artikilsiz ishlatilmoqda)
.
19.
Most + of + noun.
Ma’lum shaxs yoki buyumlar haqida gapirganimizda, most of dan keyin kelgan otga aniq artikl ishlatamiz:
Most of the flowers in the garden were planted by the school children.- Bog‘dagi gullarning ko‘plari
o‘quvchilar tomonidan o‘tqazilgan edi.(malum bir gullarning ko’pi dunyodagi hamma gullar emas)
20. Of so’zi bilan kelgan otlar ko’pi aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi(the Isle of Man)
21.
Biz davlatlar nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatmaymiz. Ammo davlat nomlarida Republic, Democratic, State(s),
Union, Confederation,
United Kingdom, Commonwealth, Principality so’zlar bo’lsa the ishlatiladi.: the
United Arab Emirates,
22. Mamlakatlar, joylar va shahar nomlari oldida artiklsiz ishlatiladi: Ammo ba’zi mamlakatlar, joylar
va shahar nomlari oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi:
The Ukrain
— Ukraina,
The Crimea
— Qirim,
The
Congo
— Kongo
The Netherlands
— Niderlandiya(Gollandiya),
The Ruhr —
Rur, The Lebanon- Livan,
The Caucasus
— Kavkaz,
The Transvaal
— Transval,
The Hague
— Gaaga,
The Argentine
— Argentina,
The Riviera —
Rivyera
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Aniq Artikl va uning ishlatilishi
Ishlatilishi
Misol
Yagona narsani anglatuvchi otlar oldidan
The sun, the moon, the earth, the world
Okean, daryo ,dengiz sahro, sharshara, ko’l
va tog nomlari bilan
The Pafic ocean, the Black Sea,
the Nile, the
Niagara Falls
Orttirma darajadagi sifatlar bilan
The is the biggest building in our town
Diqqatga sazavor joy nomlari bilan
The Kremlin
Ba’zi geografik nomlar, muzey nomlari,
gazeta va jurnal, kema va mehmonxona
nomlari oldida
The Criema, the Caucasus, The British
Museum, The Life
Dunyo taraflari nomlari bilan
The North, The South, the West, The East
Ko’plikdagi butun oilani anglatuvchi
familyalar bilan
The Akmalovs, The Petrovs
Oldin ta’kidlangan narsa va buyum nomlari
bilan
The coat was large(oldingi gapda a artikli bilan
ishlatilgan)
Aniqlashtiruvchi va chegaralovchi:
previous, last following, next only, very,
same, right
The same story
Birlikdagi sanaladigan narsa va
buyumlarning sinfini yoki turini anglatuvchi
otlaroldidan
The giraffe is the tallest of all animals(agar ot
ko’plikda bosa the ishlatilmaydi)
Bazi ko’cha va shaxar nomlari oldidan(bular
kam va yodlab olishingiz kerak
the Arbat, the Mall, the Hague.
Faqat aniq artkil ishlatiladigan ba'zi so'z birikmalarini yodda saqlang
to take the floor chiqish uchun so'z olmoq
to tell the time saot nechchi ckanligini aytmoqto tell the truth - haqiqatni aytmoq
to play the piano (the violin, etc.)- pianino chalmoq (skripka va b.)
to take the trouble qiyinchilikni
to go to the theatre (cinema) teatrga, kinoga bormoq
in the distance uzoqda
in the morning (the afternoon, the evening) - tongda (kuni, kechasi)
in the street, etc. ko'chada va b.
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Noaniq artikl(an/a)
Kasbni bildiruvchi ot bilan
My sister is a doctor
There is/are va uning o’tgan
zamondagi there was/were va kelasi
zamondagi there will be shakli bilan
There is a big pool in our garden.
Undov gaplarda
What a nice evening!
Such so'zidan keyin
It was such a wonderful day!
Vaqt, tezlik, vazn, masofani
anglatuvchi otlar oldidan (a minute, a
pound, a hundred, a million va b.)
I'll be in a minute
Birlikdagi sanaladigan otlar bilan
(bunda umumiy narsalardan bittasi
yoki istalgan birontasi ma'nosida
Take a pencil, please.
Iltimos, qalam oling.
Good day, great deal, great, many
so'z birikmalari oldidan
Faqat noaniq artkil ishlatiladigan ba'zi so'z birikmalarini yodda saqlang
on a large scale - katta miqdorda, masshtabda
as matter of fact - umuman aytganda
to have a look- nazar tashlamoq
to have a smoke - chekmoq
to have a mind to - taraddudlanmoq
to take a fancy to - biron narsaga moyil bo'lmoq
to have a headache (toothache, etc)- boshi og'rimoq (tishi og'rimoq)
to go for a walk- piyoda sayrga chiqmoq
to be in a hurry – shoshilmoq
to be at loss - o'zini yo'qotib qo'ymoq
to be in position to do smth. biron narsa qilishga imkoni bo'lmoq
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Otlarning oldidan artikl artiklning ishlatilmaslik holatlari
Ko'plik shaklidagi sanaladigan, ushbu otlar
anglatayotgan narsalarni biron bir sinfga yoki
kategoriyaga kirituvchi otlar oldida
These are very good flowers.
Mana bu juda yaxshi gullar
Umumiy tushuncha beruvchi modda, material,
tushunchani anglatuvchi sanalmaydigan otlar
oldidan
Life begins early in Moscow
Moskvada hayot tongdan qaynay
boshlaydi.
Breakfast, lunch, dinner, tea, supper kabi vaqt
yoki ovqat tanovvul qilish payti ma'nosidagi otlar
oldidan
We have lunch at 11 a.m.
Odatda predloglar bilan ishlatiladigan va
predmetlik ma'nosini yo'qotgan bed, school,
town, table, sea kabi otlar oldidan
To go to bed, by train, at night
Otlar artiklsiz ishlatiladigan ba'zi fe'l
shaklidagi ba'zi iboralarni yodda saqlang
To take place - sodir bo'lmoq
To keep house - uy tutmoq, hojalik boshqarmoq
Atoqli otlar oldidan
Moscow, France, Smith, Petrov
Oy, hafta kunlari nomlari oldidan
Monday, Tuesday, January, February
Oila a'zolari, qarindosh va yaqinlarni
anglatuvchi otlar oldidan (Father, Mother,
Aunt, etc.) (agar huddi shu oila a'zolari
tomonidan qo'llanilsa)
Father! Can you help me?
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