Facts, basics, statistics, tests

particular aspects of the sensory memory are attended to,
and this allows some information to move on to the next
stage.
2. 
Short-Term Memory:
Also known as active memory, this is
the information that we are currently thinking about or
aware of. This information will be kept for twenty to thirty
seconds, and it is generated by paying attention to sensory
memories. Though short-term memories are often quickly
forgotten, if this information is attended to by repetition, it

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will move on to the next stage.
3. 
Long-Term Memory:
This is the continuous storage of
information. Freud would refer to long-term memory as the
unconscious and preconscious. The information here is
outside of a person’s awareness but can be called upon and
used when needed. While some information will be easy to
recollect, other information can be much more difficult to
access.
The Differences Between Short-Term Memory and
Long-Term Memory
The differences between short-term memory and long-term
memory become very clear when discussing memory retrieval.
Short-term memory is stored and recollected in sequential order
and is mostly comprised of sensory memories. So for example, if
you were told a list of words and were asked to recall the sixth
word, you would have to list the words in the order you heard
them to get the right information. Long-term memory, however,
is stored and recalled based on meaning and association.
HOW MEMORY IS ORGANIZED
Because we can access and recollect information from long-term
memory, a person can then use these memories when interacting
with others, making decisions, and problem solving. But how the
information is organized still remains a mystery. What we do know,
however, is that memories are arranged in groups through a process
known as clustering.
In clustering, information is categorized so that it becomes easier
to recall. For example, take a look at the following group of words:
Green
Table
Raspberry
Blue

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Desk
Banana
Peach
Magenta
Bureau
If you were to read this list, look away, and then try to write
down the words, your memory would likely group the words into
different categories: colors, fruits, and furniture.
Tip of the Tongue?
Research suggests that the more time spent trying to figure out
the word you were going to say actually increases the chances
that you’ll struggle with that word again later on.
Memory plays an extremely large role in our lives. From the short-
term to the long-term, our experiences and our way of looking at the
world are shaped by our memory. And even with all that we do
understand about the subject, what memory truly is, at its most basic
level, still remains a mystery.

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COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY
Fighting yourself
In 1957, psychologist Leon Festinger suggested in his cognitive
dissonance theory that every person has an inner drive and desire to
avoid dissonance (or disharmony) in all of their attitudes and beliefs
(cognitions), and that they ultimately wish to achieve harmony
(consonance) among their cognitions.
If a person has feelings of discomfort due to conflicting,
simultaneous cognitions, this is known as cognitive dissonance. In
order to reduce the discomfort and restore balance, a cognition has
to undergo an alteration of some sort.
Festinger began investigating his theory while studying