Facilitation and interference of native sounds in foreign language

The concept of Interference and Facilitation

According to the levels of language description we can distinguish:

a) phonetic-phonological interference

b) grammatical interference

c) lexical-semantical interference

The /iː/-/ɪ/-/i/ distinction

French, Italian, Greek, Farsi and most Chinese languages only have the longest of these sounds so that is frequently substituted without a distinction being made, therefore, between the word hit and heat. Other languages, however, do have the intermediate sound /i/ and they include Swedish, Spanish and Catalan, Portuguese, Polish, Turkish (which also has the short sound), Malay / Indonesian and Japanese.For speakers of these languages, the /iː/ sound is more easily produced because it simply involves the slight lengthening of an already familiar phoneme. The facilitation is one worth exploiting in the classroom.Speakers of Dutch, German, Russian, Arabic, South Asian languages and Thai, for example, will have few problems with these phonemes because they are shared in their languages.the fact that the languages have both forms is actually a facilitation factor not granted to speakers of languages such as Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese and Russian who do not have the aspirated forms and will pronounce the phoneme /p/ in the initial position more closely to /b/, the /t/ closer to /d/ and the /k/ closer to /ɡ/. This is interference.