Expressive Means (EM) and Stylistic Devices (SD)

Represented speech. This is a device which coveys to the reader the unuttered or inner speech of the character, his thoughts and feelings. This device is also termed represented speech. To distinguish between the two varieties of represented speech we call the representation of the actual utterance through the author's language "uttered represented speech", and the representation of the thoughts and feelings of the character unuttered or inner represented speech.
IV. Syntactical Stylistic Devices Based on Stylistic Use of Structural Meaning
Rhetorical questions.
Rhetorical question is one that expects no answer. It is asked in order to make a statement rather than to get a reply They are frequently used in dramatic situation and in publicist style.
e. g. What was the good of discontented people who fitted in nowhere?
Litotes consists in a peculiar use of negative constructions. The negation plus Noun or adjective serves to establish a positive feature in a person or thing, an affirmation is expressed by denying its contrary.
Usually litotes presupposes double negation. One through a negative particle (no, not), the other - through a word with negative meaning. Its function is to convey doubts of the speaker concerning the exact characteristics of the object or a feeling.
e.g. It's not a bad thing - It's a good thing.
e.g. He is no coward. He is a brave man.
e.g. He was not without taste.

Functional Styles of the English Language
According to Galperin: Functional Style is a system of interrelated language means serving a definite aim in communication. It is the coordination of the language means and stylistic devices which shapes the distinctive features of each style and not the language means or stylistic devices themselves. Each style, however, can be recognized by one or more leading features which are especially conspicuous. For instance the use of special terminology is a lexical characteristics of the style of scientific prose, and one by which it can easily be recognized. FS appear mainly in the literary standard of a language.
In the English literary standard the following major FS are distinguished:
1. the belles-lettres functional style,
2. the publicistic functional style,
3. the newspaper functional style,
4. the scientific prose style,
5. the official documents functional style.
Each FS is subdivided into a number of substyles.
1. The belles-lettres functional style has the following substyles:
a) poetry;
b) emotive prose;
c) drama;
2. The publicistic functional style:
a) oratory;
b) essays;
c) articles in newspapers and magazines;
3. The newspaper functional style:
a) brief news items;
b) advertisements and announcements;
c) headlines;
d) the editorial
4. The scientific prose style:
a) exact sciences;
b) humanitarian sciences;
c) popular- science prose;
5. The official documents functional style:
a) diplomatic documents;
b) business letters;
c) military documents;
d) legal documents.