Excellence and leadership in the public sector: the role of education

How Can Professional Associations Help Senior Officials?
Some of the special circumstances that constrain opportunities for training and pro-
fessional development of senior officials, including the limitations on conventional 
individual and workplace training, were described above. Professional associations 
can surmount many of these obstacles, greatly enriching opportunities for senior 
officials to develop professionally and gain new knowledge and skills. Some of the 
ways this can happen are the following: