Eq transport damage aleq\aleq0003 id. Alaska earthquake no. 3ct Uplifted dock on Hinchinbrook Island, Prince William Sound

EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0003 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 3ct Uplifted dock on Hinchinbrook Island, Prince William Sound. Land in this area rose about 8 feet during the earthquake, and the dock can now be used only at extremely high tides. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC TECTONICS ALEQ\ALEQ0004 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 4ct The stumps in the foreground are part of an ancient forest on Latouche Island, Prince William Sound, that was submerged below sea level and buried in prehistoric times. Tectonic uplift of 9 feet during the earthquake raised these stumps above sea level once again, demonstrating that the area is tectonically restless. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ELEVATED SEA FLOOR TECTONICS ALEQ\ALEQ0006 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 6ct The amount of tectonic uplift on Glacier Island, Prince William Sound, was shown by the upper limit to which algae of the intertidal zone are on this sea cliff before and after the earthquake. The top of the band of green (still living) algae is near present (post earthquake) mean high tide. The top of the band of brown (desiccated) algae marks the approximate position of mean high tide before the earthquake. The difference in height between the top of the bands of living and of desiccated algae (3 feet) is a measure of the amount of tectonic uplift in this area. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC TECTONICS ALEQ\ALEQ0010 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 10ct View southwest along the Hanning Bay fault scarp on southwest Montague Is. in Prince William Sound. The Hanning Bay fault was reactivated during the earthquake. Its trace is marked by 10 to 15 ft. high bedrock scarp which trends obliquely across the field of view from the right foreground to the left background. The fault trace lies between the uplifted wave cut surface that is coated white by desiccated calcareous marine organisms and borders the open ocean and the area of brown sand and silt in the cove. The ground northwest of the fault (right side of photo) was displaced upward as much as 16 ft. with respect to the ground southeast of the fault during the earthquake, but both sides of the fault were uplifted with respect to sea level due to general tectonic uplift of the region. The fault plane dips steeply NW, or is vertical. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ELEVATED SEA FLOOR TECTONICS ALEQ\ALEQ0011 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 11ct Close-up view, looking northeast, of apportion of the Hanning Bay fault scarp. The face of the fault scarp is composed of bedrock except near the forest in the background, where the fault offset the pre-earthquake beach. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 FAULT SCARP TECTONICS ALEQ\ALEQ0012 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 12ct The zone of fresh earth and landslide at the foot of this hillside on Montague Island marks the southwest trending Patton Bay fault, which was reactivated during the earthquake. The northwest side of this vertical fault (on the left hand side of the photo was displaced upward as much as 8 feet with respect to the southeast side. There was, in addition, 9 feet of associated upwarping of the up-thrown (northwest) block, so that total vertical displacement across the entire fault zone was 17 feet. The view is to the northeast. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 LANDSLIDE EQ HOUSING DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0020 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 20ct The Hillside apartment building in Anchorage was severely damaged by the earthquake and has been razed. It was a split-level, five story building with steel posts and lintels, concrete floor slabs, and unreinforced concrete block walls and partitions. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0021 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 21ct Compare the damage sustained by the Hillside apartment building and the adjacent three story wood-frame dwelling with tall chimney. In general, wood frame buildings in Anchorage sustained little damage from seismic vibration. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0028 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 28ct This reinforced concrete deck highway bridge across Twenty mile River near Turnagain Arm of Cook Inlet fell into the river during the earthquake; the adjacent steel railroad bridge survived with only minor damage. Both bridges were founded on thick deposits of soft alluvium and tidal flat mud, and were subjected to severe seismic vibration. During the earthquake some of the concrete deck sections hit the underlying wood pilling with sufficient force to drive the bare ends of the wood piles through the concrete deck. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0030 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 30ct One span of the "Million Dollar" truss-bridge of the former Copper River and Northwestern Railroad was dropped into the Copper River by the earthquake, and the other truss spans were shifted on their piers. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0032 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 32ct The earthquake shifted the steel trusses of the Copper River and Northwestern Railroad bridge near Round Island from 1 to 2 feet. This view shows one of the displaced trusses, which pounded against an adjacent steel girder span. The girder span was moved to the right, its concrete pedestal was rotated, and the girder span almost fell into the river. Note the shortening indicated by buckling of the guardrail. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0040 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 40ct A series of earthquake triggered landslides in glacial deposits disrupted almost a mile of The Alaska Railroad main line at Potter Hill, near Anchorage. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0042 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 42ct Close-up of damaged homes at Turnagain Heights landslide, Anchorage. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC TECTONICS ALEQ\ALEQ0043 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 43ct A subsidence trough (or graben) formed at the head of the "L" Street landslide in Anchorage during the earthquake. The slide block, which is virtually unbroken ground to the left of the graben, moved to the left. The subsidence trough sank 7 to 10 feet in response to 11 feet of horizontal movement of the slide block. The volume of the trough is theoretically equal to the volume of the void created at the head of the slide by movement of the slide block. A number of houses seen in this photograph were undercut or tilted by subsidence of the graben. Note also the collapsed Four Seasons apartment building (Alaska Earthquake no 26ct) and the undamaged three story reinforced concrete frame building behind it, which are on the stable block beyond the graben. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 GRABEN EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0045 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 45ct Scarp at the subsidence trough or graben of the Fourth Avenue landslide, downtown Anchorage. Before the earthquake, the side walk in front of the stores on the right, which are in the graben, was at the level of the street on the left, which was not involved in the subsidence. The graben subsided 11 feet in response to 14 feet of horizontal movement of the slide block during the earthquake. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 GRABEN EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0046 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 46ct The marque of the Denali Theater, which was in the graben of the Fourth Avenue landslide in Anchorage, subsided until it came to rest on the sidewalk in front of the theater, which was on ground that was not involved in the landslide. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 GRABEN EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0047 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 47 Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964. "Regent" fishing boat beached several hundred feet inland from the head of Resurrection Bay by seismic sea waves. Seward district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. 1964. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0048 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 48 Earthquake damage along Seward water-front in area of Texaco, Incorporated, tanks. Alaska Earthquake of March 27, 1964. Seward District, Alaska Gulf Region, Alaska. 1964 (Photo by U. S. Army). ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0050 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 50 Alaska Earthquake of March 27, 1964. Wrecked boats and other debris beached by waves at the northwest corner of Resurrection Bay. Seward district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. 1964. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC TSUMAMI DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0056 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 56ct This truck at Lowell Point, 2 miles from Seward, was bent around a tree by the surge waves generated by the underwater landslides along the Seward waterfront. The truck was about 32 feet above water level at the time of the earthquake. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC TSUMAMI DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0058 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 58ct Trees up to 24 inches in diameter and between 88 and 101 feet above sea level were broken and splintered by the surge wave generated by an underwater landslide in Port Valdez, Prince William Sound. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC TSUMAMI DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0060 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 60ct A detail illustrating the violence of the surge waves that struck Whittier: man holds mounted tire where wave has driven a piece of wood through the tire. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0068 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 68ct The gravel embankment in the foreground, which forms the approach to this bridge across the Copper River, rests on thick deposits of unconsolidated alluvium. Before the earthquake, the top of the gravel embankment subsided level with the bridge deck. During the earthquake the embankment subsided into the underlying sediments and was deformed by lateral spreading and compaction. As a result the top of the embankment now lies about 4 feet below the bridge deck. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0071 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 71ct The rails in this approach to a railroad bridge near the head of Turnagain Arm were torn from their ties and buckled laterally by channelward movement of the river banks during the earthquake. The bridge was also compressed and developed a hump from vertical buckling. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0073 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 73ct The rails were buckled by lateral movement of the embankment fill toward an underlying culvert, which had collapsed. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC TECTONICS ALEQ\ALEQ0239 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 239 Rockslide avalanche on Sherman Glacier. The avalanche was formed by the collapse of Shattered Peak in the middle distance. The debris shows flow-lines and terminal digitate lobes. No marginal dust layer is present. View looking southeast. Cordova district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 24, 1964. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 GLACIER EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0240 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 240 Control tower at Anchorage International Airport, collapsed by earthquake shaking. Anchorage district, Cook Inlet region, Alaska. n.d. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE 1964 ZMISC FLOOD EFFECTS BTCF\BTCF0003 ID. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD no. 3ct Deeply scoured alluvium along Dry Gulch and a tributary fan. Dry Gulch here crested at about 4,460 c.f.s. Note evidence of over-bank flow on alluvial fan. N. 1/2 Sec. 20, T. 5 N., R. 72 W., Glen Haven Quadrangle. Helicopter photo by W. R. Hansen, Aug. 14, 1976. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD 1976FLOOD EFFECTS FLOOD EFFECTS BTCF\BTCF0005 ID. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD no. 5ct Downstream toe of Olympus Dam, Estes Park, Colorado, scoured by Dry Gulch. Olympus Dam impounds Lake Estes. Glen Haven Quadrangle. Photo by Paul W. Schmidt, Aug. 2, 1976. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD 1976FLOOD EFFECTS FLOOD EFFECTS BTCF\BTCF0007 ID. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD no. 7ct Dirt road washed out by drainage channeled into roadway; near center, SE, SW, Sec. 16, T. 5 N., R. 72 W., Glen Haven Quadrangle. Area received about 8 inches of rain. Photo by Ralph R. Shroba, Sept. 20, 1976. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD 1976FLOOD EFFECTS FLOOD EFFECTS BTCF\BTCF0017 ID. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD no. 17ct House precariously undercut by lateral scour, Big Thompson River 1/4 mile below Glen Comfort, Glen Haven Quadrangle. Landslide to right in background caused by undercutting; a house was carried away at that point. River flows toward observer. Photo by Ralph R. Shroba, Aug. 13. 1976. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD 1976FLOOD EFFECTS FLOOD EFFECTS BTCF\BTCF0024 ID. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD no. 24ct Pickup truck partly buried in sand blanket deposited by North Fork Big Thompson River at Drake. Note flood debris in windows of house, right. North Fork crested here 40.0 minutes after main stem. Peak discharge, 8,710 c.f.s. Photo by W. R. Hansen, Aug. 13, 1976. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD 1976FLOOD EFFECTS FLOOD EFFECTS BTCF\BTCF0029 ID. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD no. 29ct Cabin lodged on private bridge just below Drake, looking upstream. Photo by W. R. Hansen, Aug. 13, 1976. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD 1976FLOOD EFFECTS FLOOD EFFECTS BTCF\BTCF0034 ID. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD no. 34ct Mouth of Big Thompson Canyon looking upstream into Narrows. Highway 34 at left, truncated by river. Preliminary calculated peak discharge at this point was 31,200 c.f.s. Larimer County, Colordo. August 1, 1976. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD 1976FLOOD EFFECTS FLOODS LAWNLAKE\JRD0021 ID. JARRETT, R. D. no. 21ct Oblique aerial view looking downstream at muddy Big Thompson River at Estes Park gage at peak flow of flood, which resulted from failures of Lawn Lake and Cascade Lake dams. Larimer County, Colorado. July 15, 1982. BIG THOMPSON CANYON FLOOD 1976ZMISC VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION CERRONEG\WRE0414 ID. WILCOX, R. E. no. 414ct Cerro Negro Volcano in eruption. Nicaragua. July 24, 1947 CERRO NEGRO VOLCANO 1947 VOLCANO VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION CERRONEG\WRE0417 ID. WILCOX, R. E. no. 417ct Cerro Negro Volcano in eruption. Note green forest. Nicaragua. July 25, 1947 CERRO NEGRO VOLCANO 1947 VOLCANIC EFFECTS VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION CERRONEG\WRE0437 ID. WILCOX, R. E. no. 437ct Cerro Negro Volcano in eruption. Note green vegetation. Nicaragua. July 25, 1947 CERRO NEGRO VOLCANO 1947 VOLCANIC EFFECTS VOLCANIC EFFECTS CERRONEG\WRE0459 ID. WILCOX, R. E. no. 459ct View of ash piles in streets of Leon, Nicaragua from Cerro Negro Volcano. July 29, 1947. CERRO NEGRO VOLCANO 1947 VOLCANIC ASH EARTHQUAKE (EQ) CHEQ1886\HJK0003 ID. HILLERS, J. K. no. 3 Brick house at 157 Tradd Street, wrecked by Charleston earthquake of August 13, 1886. Charleston County, South Carolina. 1886. CHARLESTON EARTHQUAKE 1886 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE CHEQ1886\HJK0009 ID. HILLERS, J. K. no. 9 Derailed locomotive on Ten Mile Hill. Charleston earthquake of August 31, 1886. Berkeley County, South Carolina. September 1886. CHARLESTON EARTHQUAKE 1886 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) CHEQ1886\HJK0016 ID. HILLERS, J. K. no. 16 The worst earthquake wreck in Charleston. Charleston earthquake of August 31, 1886. Charleston County, South Carolina. 1886. CHARLESTON EARTHQUAKE 1886 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE CHEQ1886\HJK0022 ID. HILLERS, J. K. no. 22 Charleston earthquake of 1886; displaced monument in graveyard. CHARLESTON EARTHQUAKE 1886 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) CHEQ1886\HJK0027 ID. HILLERS, J. K. no. 27 People encamped in city park public square in Charleston after the earthquake. Charleston earthquake of August 31, 1886. Charleston County, South Carolina. 1886. CHARLESTON EARTHQUAKE 1886 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE COAEQ\HMG0018 ID. HOPPER, M. G. no. 18ct Slight movement of one story wood-frame house, as shown by leaves, on its foundation. House was within the restricted area of heavily damaged downtown Restricted area Coalinga. Coalinga Earthquake. Fresno County, California. May 4, 1983. COALINGA EARTHQUAKE 1983 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE COAEQ\HMG0020 ID. HOPPER, M. G. no. 20ct View down sidewalk showing failed building walls and cornice. Restricted area Coalinga. Coalinga Earthquake. Fresno County, California. May 4, 1983. COALINGA EARTHQUAKE 1983 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE COAEQ\HMG0023 ID. HOPPER, M. G. no. 23ct Close-up of house off its cripple wall and foundation. Note door below level of porch and offset from steps. House was within the restricted area of heavily damaged downtown area Coalinga. Coalinga Earthquake. Fresno County, California. May 4, 1983. COALINGA EARTHQUAKE 1983 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE COAEQ\HMG0026 ID. HOPPER, M. G. no. 26ct Failed two story exterior wall exposing attic and interior walls of residence. Restricted area Coalinga. Coalinga Earthquake. Fresno County, California. May 4, 1983. COALINGA EARTHQUAKE 1983 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE COAEQ\HMG0035 ID. HOPPER, M. G. no. 35ct Major failure of exterior walls of building containing Coalinga TV Repair shop. Coalinga restricted area, Coalinga Earthquake. Fresno County, California. May 4, 1983. COALINGA EARTHQUAKE 1983 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE COAEQ\HMG0041 ID. HOPPER, M. G. no. 41ct Displaced rock chimney on frame house. Restricted area Coalinga. Coalinga Earthquake. Fresno County, California. May 4, 1983. COALINGA EARTHQUAKE 1983 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE COAEQ\HMG0048 ID. HOPPER, M. G. no. 48ct House displaced from foundation as shown by movement of columns. Restricted area Coalinga. Coalinga Earthquake. Fresno County, California. May 7, 1983. COALINGA EARTHQUAKE 1983 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE COAEQ\HMG0059 ID. HOPPER, M. G. no. 59ct Toppled roof air conditioner, very few of these "swamp coolers" fell but many chimneys fell during the earthquake. Restricted area Coalinga. Coalinga Earthquake. May 57, 1983. COALINGA EARTHQUAKE 1983 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE COAEQ\WRE0042 ID. WALLACE, R. E. no. 42ct Severe damage to Pacific Gas and Electric Co. Coalinga substation. Coalinga Earthquake. Fresno County, California. May 1983. COALINGA EARTHQUAKE 1983 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE COAEQ\WRE0059 ID. WALLACE, R. E. no. 59ct View between two dwellings, showing collapsed brick chimney and toppled "swamp cooler" air conditioner. Restricted area Coalinga. Coalinga Earthquake. Fresno County, California. May 1983. COALINGA EARTHQUAKE 1983 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE COAEQ\WRE0060 ID. WALLACE, R. E. no. 60ct Resident's temporary housing camped in their own front yard. Restricted area Coalinga. Coalinga Earthquake. Fresno County, California. May 1983. COALINGA EARTHQUAKE 1983 ZMISC LANDSLIDE LANDSLID\AWC1625 ID. ALDEN, W. C. no. 1625 View south across foot of new lake, to Gros Ventre landslide scar and lower part of slide in background. Slumped east face of inner side of the dam in right foreground. T. 42 N., R.114 W. Teton County, Wyoming. September 18, 1925. GROS VENTRE LANDSLIDE 1925 LANDSLIDE LANDSLIDE LANDSLID\AWC1626 ID. ALDEN, W. C. no. 1626 View of Gros Ventre landslide, south cross Gros Ventre Valley, showing the scar and the lower part of the slide of debris above the foot of the lake at south end of the dam. T.42 N., R. 114 W. Teton County, Wyoming. September 18, 1925. GROS VENTRE LANDSLIDE 1925 LANDSLIDE LANDSLIDE LANDSLID\MGR0935 ID. MANSFIELD, G. R. no. 935 View of Gros Ventre slide and outlet channel from point on road just below the slide. Grand Teton quadrangle, Teton County, Wyoming. 1931. GROS VENTRE LANDSLIDE 1925 LANDSLIDE LANDSLIDE LANDSLID\VHR0130 ID. VAN HORN, R. no. 130ct South side of Gros Ventre landslide of June 23, 1925, northeast of Jackson. Teton County, Wyoming. August 1963. GROS VENTRE LANDSLIDE 1925 LANDSLIDE ZMISC GEQ\GEQ0013 ID. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE no. 13ct Aerial view northward at the Motague fault trace where it crosses a soccer field at Gualan. Note the characteristic right stepping en echelon fractures oriented as much as 20 ft. to the fault trace in a zone about 5 m wide. Slip here was 89 cm sinistralas determined from offset of white sideline stripe at right side of field. 1976. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE 1976 FAULT SCARP TECTONICS GEQ\GEQ0014 ID. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE no. 14ct View west along Motagua fault trace where it crosses the Gualan soccer field (shown in slide 13). Note that "mole track" which is best developed in pard packed, brittle surface materials. 1976. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE 1976 FAULTS TECTONICS GEQ\GEQ0018 ID. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE no. 18ct Aerial view westward along the Motagua fault trace in the lower Motagua Valley. The trace here is marked by the dark line of fissures extending from the creek in the foreground through the giant cieba (balsam) tree trunk and then along a prominent north facing scarp in the background. The tree was split and toppled by fault movement of at least 72 cm sinistral and 37 cm down to the north displacement. The vegetation covered north facing scarp behind the tree, which is 5 m high, was probably formed by many repeated earlier movements along this same trace. 1976. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE 1976 FAULT SCARP EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE GEQ\GEQ0024 ID. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE no. 24 Rails bent on the Puerto Barrios wharf. Department of Izabal, Guatemala. 1976. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE 1976 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE GEQ\GEQ0025 ID. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE no. 25 Oblique aerial photograph showing the sustained damage in the town of Joyabaj. Department of Quiche, Guatemala. 1976. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE 1976 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE GEQ\GEQ0027 ID. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE no. 27 Oblique aerial photograph showing the sustained damage in the town of Tecpan. Department of Chimaltenango, Guatemala. 1976. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE 1976 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE GEQ\GEQ0044 ID. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE no. 44 Collapse of three central spans of the Agua Caliente Bridge, kilometer 36 on the road to the Atlantic Ocean. This bridge was constructed in 1959. Guatemala. 1976. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE 1976 ZMISC TECTONICS GEQ\GEQ0052 ID. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE no. 52ct Map showing the Motagua fault (labeled) in relation to the boundaries of the Cocos and Caribbean plates. Large arrows indicate the relative plate movement directions, and numbers in parentheses indicate the inferred annual rate of movement in centimeters. Note that the Motagua fault is part of the transform fault system that comprises the northern boundary of the Caribbean plate. Plate boundaries and motions from Jordon, T. H., 1976, Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 80, p. 4433-4439 GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE 1976 FAULTS TECTONICS GEQ\GEQ0053 ID. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE no. 53ct A suggested model showing combined relative movement the North American (green), Cocos (blue), and Caribbean (yellow and orange) plates and within the Caribbean plate to account for the complex tectonics of northern Middle America. Predominantly extensional faulting (blue zones) has caused fragmentation of the western part of the Caribbean plate. As a consequence, the northern part of the plate (yellow) maybe breaking up along north-south-trending graben, and it may be decoupling from the southern part (orange) along the major northwest-southeast trending system of graben that follows the volcanoes (black dots) of the Middle America arc. White arrows show the directions and relative amounts of long-term movements of the plates and plate-fragments; black arrows, relative movements along the Motagua fault system. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE 1976 ZMISC TECTONICS GEQ\GEQ0054 ID. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE no. 54ct Block diagram showing the relation of the Motagua fault zone and the inferred zone of decoupling within the Caribbean plate to major tectonic and volcanic elements in Guatemala and contiguous countries. Guatemala is subject to earthquake that are generated by movement on (1) the transform fault system between the North American and Caribbean plates (which includes the Motagua fault), (2) the megathrust zone between the Cocos and Caribbean plates, (3) extensional faults within the Caribbean plate, and by (4) earthquake associated with volcanism along the Middle America volcanic chain GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE 1976 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE GEQ\GEQ0056 ID. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE no. 56 Hotel Terminal in Guatemala City. Columns in second story collapsed, slowly enough to avoid loss of life. Department of Guatemala, Guatemala. 1976. GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE 1976 ZMISC ZMISC GEOLOGY\JHR0013 ID. JOESTING, H.R. no. 13 Near view of ropy crust of pahoehoe lava on crater floor near the Crater Trail. Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. 1950. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA (ROPY) ZMISC GEOLOGY\KV0098 ID. KILAUEA VOLCANO. no. 98 Pahoehoe lava, Footprint Trail, Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii County, Hawaii. n.d. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA (ROPY) VOLCANIC EFFECTS HAWAIIVL\RDH0061 ID. RICHTER, D. H. no. 61 Three-foot, spatter-encrusted, cored lava bomb photographed where it fell on the east side of the cone during the seventh eruptive phase. Park employee at left for scale. The 1959-60 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. 1959. HAWAII VOLCANOES ZMISC VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\RDH0091 ID. RICHTER, D. H. no. 91 Oblique aerial view southwestward of hydraexplosion clouds over the lava front at the ocean. In the background, under the plane wing, the lava fountains and fume cloud are visible. The 1959-60 Eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. January 15, 1960. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\RDH0105 ID. RICHTER, D. H. no. 105 Massive, blocky aa lava flow crossing Kapoho road east of the village. Note the burning telephone pole and the buckled pavement thrust forward by the flow. The 1959-60 Eruption of Kilauea Volcano. O6 hrs 40 min. Hawaii County, Hawaii. January 27, 1960. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA (AA) ZMISC GEOLOGY\SDA0003 ID. SWANSON, D.A. no. 3 Pahoehoe drapery over a pre-1971 sea cliff on the south coast of Kealakomo, formed during an eruption of Kilauea Volcano. The lava flowed through tubes from a vent 12 km away and built a delta of mostly fragmented debris extending nearly 500 m from the old sea cliff. Hawaii County, Hawaii. n.d. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA VOLCANOES HAWAIIVL\HVO0001 ID. USGS/HVO no. 1 Oblique aerial view of Halemaumau Crater, Kilauea summit. HVO (Hawaiian Volcano Observatory) in foreground. Fumes rising from crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. May 26, 1972. (Photo by Donald W. Peterson). HAWAII VOLCANOES VOLCANIC CRATER VOLCANOES HAWAIIVL\HVO0007 ID. USGS/HVO no. 7 Vertical aerial view: crater of Mauna Ulu, east rift, Kilauea. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. June 20, 1968. (Photo by J. D. Griggs). HAWAII VOLCANOES VOLCANIC CRATER VOLCANOES HAWAIIVL\HVO0008 ID. USGS/HVO no. 8 Vertical aerial view: Halemaumau Crater, Kilauea. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. June 20, 1978. (Photo by J. D. Griggs). HAWAII VOLCANOES VOLCANIC CRATER VOLCANOES HAWAIIVL\HVO0009 ID. USGS/HVO no. 9 Lua Manu Crater, east rift, Kilauea. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. May 10, 1978. (Photo by J. P. Lockwood). HAWAII VOLCANOES VOLCANIC CRATER VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\HVO0097 ID. USGS/HVO no. 97ct Mauna Ulu phase 2; fountain and cascade into Aloi. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Kilauea east rift. Hawaii County, Hawaii. October 20, 1969. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA (FOUNTAIN) VOLCANIC EFFECTS HAWAIIVL\HVO0104 ID. USGS/HVO no. 104ct Thurston Lava tube, Kilauea Volcano. The height of the tube near the entrance is approximately 4 m. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. September 7, 1984. (Photo by T. J. Takahashi). HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA TUBE VOLCANIC EFFECTS HAWAIIVL\HVO0105 ID. USGS/HVO no. 105ct (221ct) Fluid pahoehoe flow on the south-southwest flank of Alai Crater, east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. December 14, 1972. (Photo by D. W. Peterson). HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA (ROPY) VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\HVO0140 ID. USGS/HVO no. 140ct Arching lava fountains from vents on east flank of Mauna Ulu 1524 hrs. Kilauea east rift. Hawaii County, Hawaii. October 15, 1970. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA (FOUNTAIN) VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\HVO0244 ID. USGS/HVO no. 244ct Lava tube P72 skylight. Mauna Ulu. Kilauea east rift. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. February 7, 1973. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA TUBE VOLCANIC EFFECTS HAWAIIVL\HVO0038 ID. USGS/HVO no. 38 Closeup view of lower beds of Pohakaa Ash Member, Keana Bihopa, showing typical bedding and lithology. Pahala Ash beds are similar to those shown here. Stratigraphy of Kilauea Volcano. Hammer for scale. Hawaii County, Hawaii. n.d. HAWAII VOLCANOES VOLCANIC ASH VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\HVO0039 ID. USGS/HVO no. 39ct Kapoho. Lava burning house. Kilauea east rift. Hawaii County, Hawaii. January 23, 1960. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\HVO0510 ID. USGS/HVO no. 510ct Arching lava fountain. Kilauea east rift eruption. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. February 25, 1983. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA (FOUNTAIN) VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\HVO0161 ID. USGS/HVO no. 161ct Mauna Ulu. Aa lava flows at base of Holei Pali; geologist in foreground for scale. Kilauea east rift, Hawaii County, Hawaii. February 28, 1971. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA (AA) VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\HVO0187 ID. USGS/HVO no. 187ct Squeeze-out from aa front west of Alae. Mauna Ulu. Kilauea east rift: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. April 14, 1972. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA (AA) ROCK SLIDES ROCKSLID\HVO0197 ID. USGS/HVO no. 197ct Rockslide in motion on northern lava cone, Makaoapuhi, Kilauea east rift. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. August 10, 1972. HAWAII VOLCANOES ROCK SLIDES VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\HVO0200 ID. USGS/HVO no. 200ct View of surface pattern at east end of Mauna Ulu summit lake, just west of septum breach. Kilauea east rift, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. August 27, 1972. HAWAII VOLCANOES ZMISC VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\HVO0224 ID. USGS/HVO no. 224ct Mauna Ulu. Bill Silberman and Bill Parsons; small hornito. Kilauea east rift, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. December 20, 1972. HAWAII VOLCANOES ZMISC VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION VOLCANO\HVO0235 ID. USGS/HVO no. 235ct Mauna Ulu. D. W. Peterson plumbing lava tube. Kilauea east rift, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. January 30, 1973. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA TUBE VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION HAWAIIVL\HVO0261 ID. USGS/HVO no. 261ct Mauna Ulu. Lava enters sea west of Apua Point. Kilauea east rift, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. April 10, 1973. HAWAII VOLCANOES LAVA VOLCANOES HAWAIIVL\HVO0341 ID. USGS/HVO no. 341ct Mauna Loa. Snow covered summit viewed from southwest, with several craters visible. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. January 15, 1975. HAWAII VOLCANOES ZMISC ZMISC SEISMO\HVO0375 ID. USGS/HVO no. 375ct Pauahi. Smoke drum seismic record. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Kilauea east rift. Hawaii County, Hawaii. November 1979. HAWAII VOLCANOES SEISMOMETRY EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE HEBGENEQ\CARR0622 ID. CARRARA, P. no. 622ct Hebgen Lake area. Remnant of road which slid into lake at left; new road at right. Gallatin County, Montana. July 6, 1984. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC EARTHFLOWS HEBGENEQ\HJB0007 ID. HADLEY, J. B. no. 7ct Disrupted ground, tilted trees of the Kirkwood earth flow. View is northwestward. Montana earthquake area, Gallatin County, Montana. 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 EARTHFLOWS TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\HJB0016 ID. HADLEY, J. B. no. 16ct Detritus, tilted trees, and the hummocky ground marks the center of the Kirkwood earth flow. View is southwestward. Montana earthquake area. Gallatin County, Montana. 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\HJB0024 ID. HADLEY, J. B. no. 24ct Fault scarp and moat at Cabin Creek. Montana earthquake area. Gallatin County, Montana. 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 FAULT SCARP TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\HJB0028 ID. HADLEY, J. B. no. 28ct Fault scarp at Cabin Creek. Montana earthquake area, Gallatin County, Montana. 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 FAULT SCARP EARTHFLOWS GEOHAZ\HJB0058 ID. HADLEY, J. B. no. 58 Scarp area at the head of the Kirkwood earthflow. Shows maximum distension of the surface, toppled trees, soil destroyed, and much subsoil. View eastward from the east edge of the flow. Montana earthquake area, Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 EARTHFLOWS TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\HWB0573 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 573ct Hebgen Lake earthquake. "Quake Lake", formed by earthquake landslide. Madison Canyon, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 FAULT SCARP TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\HWB0995 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 995ct Red Canyon fault scarp east of Blarney stone Ranch Montana earthquake area. Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 FAULTS TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\HWB1049 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 1049ct Scarp above Corey Spring. Montana earthquake. Gallatin County, Montana. September 1959 HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 FAULT SCARP TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\HWB1052 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 1052ct Distant view Red Mountain scarp. Montana earthquake. Gallant County, Montana. September 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 FAULT SCARP TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\SJR0001 ID. STACY, J. R. no. 1ct Red Canyon fault scrap near Red Canyon Creek. Man present in picture. Nineteen foot displacement measured. Man for scale. Montana earthquake area. Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 FAULTS LANDSLIDE LANDSLID\SJR0007 ID. STACY, J. R. no. 7ct The Madison slide; Earthquake Lake is in the background. View is northeastward. The white ridge of dolomite boulders which formed the leading edge of the slide is on the left and the main mass of the slide shows in the right center. In the lower left corner of the photograph are the parallel rows of pine trees which once flanked the Madison River. Part of former U. S. Highway 287 still shows beyond the trees. Montana Earthquake area. Madison County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 LANDSLIDE EFFECTS TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\SJR0009 ID. STACY, J. R. no. 9ct Sand spout (Sand Volcano) at Parade Rest Ranch. At the time of the earthquake small fractures opened in the ground, and water and sand spewed out. During the earthquake, the tremors compacted the sand and grave fill, and ground water which occupied the pores and interstices, was put under great pressure. As cracks formed in the sand and gravel normal to earthquake wave motion of repeated compression and expansion. Water and sand were forced out through the cracks. Montana earthquake area. Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 SAND VOLCANO EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE HEBGENEQ\SJR0029 ID. STACY, J. R. no. 29ct Landslide-broken road. Hebgen Lake. Montana earthquake area. Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\WIJ0003 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 3ct The Red Canyon fault scarp where it cuts through Blarneystone Ranch. House sits on down thrown block; fault scarphere is 10 to 12 feet high. A small collapsed shed (green roof) is on there latively up-thrown block. Hebgen Lake earthquake. Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\WIJ0006 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 6ct A small buckled fence along Montana State Highway 499 (former State Highway 287). A small earth slump from hill showing on the right of the photo compressed the fence and buckled it. Hebgen Lake is to the left of the photograph just beyond the fields. Madison Range in background. Hebgen Lake earthquake. Gallatin County,Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC ZMISC HEBGENEQ\WIJ0007 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 7ct The Hebgen fault scarp where it crosses the crest of Bost Mountain near Hebgen Dam. Man stands on down-thrown block of ground. Hebgen Lake earthquake. Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 FAULT SCARP TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\WIJ0011 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 11ct Emergent mud flats along the Sough Fork of Madison River. Hebgen Lake has been displaced northeastward (lower left), and these emergent mud flats are the result. Hebgen Lake earthquake. Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\WIJ0018 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 18ct The north end of Earthquake Lake. The trees to a level of about 50 feet above the present surface of Earthquake Lake were once inundated for about 30 days while the Corps of Engineers constructed a new spillway across the Madison slide. The water was then let down to its present level. During this time the trees below the water level died and the water mark is clearly visible as a dark gray line. Hebgen Lake earthquake. Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE HEBGENEQ\WIJ0019 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 19ct This pump formerly sat on its concrete base. At the time of the earthquake, water and sand were forced up the casing and played against the base of the pump gradually raising it some 8 inches above its former position. The sand shows as light tan; the concrete base is light gray. Hebgen Lake earthquake. Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC SLICKENSIDE HEBGENEQ\WIJ0041 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 41ct Close-up view of slickensides on the Red Canyon fault scarp. Hebgen Lake earthquake, Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 SLICKENSIDE TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\WIJ0044 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 44ct Small longitudinal step fault scarps formed along the trace of Hebgen fault. View is northward, and these small step faults are along the south flank of Mount Hebgen, about half a mile northeast of Hebgen Dam. All scarps are in colluvium. Hebgen Lake earthquake, Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE HEBGENEQ\WIJ0087 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 87ct One of the large cracks in the concrete retaining wall of Hebgen Dam. The retaining wall, which is about 16 inches thick at the top and about 27 inches thick at the base, had a great many cracks in it of which 3 or 4 were as large as this one. The retaining wall slumped, tilted forward, and was fractured during the earthquake; water seeped through these fractures. Hebgen Lake earthquake, Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE HEBGENEQ\WIJ0089 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 89ct View of one wall of the spillway. This view, taken in 1960 when a new spillway was being constructed across Hebgen Dam, shows many of the fractures and breaks formed in the old spillway during the earthquake. Hebgen Lake earthquake, Gallatin County, Montana. 1960. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\WIJ0106 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 106ct Earthquake Lake showing both its present level, and its former level marked by a zone of dead needles. Partly submerged house still shows in center. Hebgen Lake earthquake, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS HEBGENEQ\WIJ0108 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 108ct Southeastward view of the source area of the Madison Slide. This view shows several of the unbroken dolomite remnants. It was dolomite buttresses comparable to these which broke and resulted in the slide. Hebgen Lake earthquake, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 LANDSLIDE EFFECTS TECTONICS HEBGENEQ\WIJ0135 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 135ct General view of the sand spouts (Sand Volcano) that were formed near the Parade Rest Ranch. Wooded patch in the background marks the course of Grayling Creek. Hebgen Lake earthquake, Gallatin County, Montana. August 1959. HEBGEN LAKE EARTHQUAKE 1959 SAND VOLCANO LAKE NYOS DISASTER LAKENYOS\TML0015 ID. TUTTLE, M. L. no. 15ct Promontory on southwest side of Lake Nyos with vegetation damage 80 m above water level. The damage was caused by a water surge which followed the emergence of the toxic gas cloud August 21. Lake Nyos disaster of August 21, 1986. Cameroon. August 29, 1986. LAKE NYOS DISASTER 1986 ZMISC LAKE NYOS DISASTER LAKENYOS\TML0016 ID. TUTTLE, M. L. no. 16ct Inflow region on south side of Lake Nyos scoured by water surge which followed the emergence of the toxic gas cloud August 21. This is the source of vegetation seen floating on the lake. Damage 25 m above the valley floor. Lake Nyos disaster of August 21, 1986. Cameroon. August 29, 1986. LAKE NYOS DISASTER 1986 ZMISC LAKE NYOS DISASTER LAKENYOS\TML0022 ID. TUTTLE, M. L. no. 22ct Storm moving into Lake Nyos area; lake in foreground. Lake Nyos disaster of August 21, 1986. Cameroon. September 1, 1986. LAKE NYOS DISASTER 1986 ZMISC LAKE NYOS DISASTER LAKENYOS\TML0035 ID. TUTTLE, M. L. no. 35ct Ground view of Nyos village dead cattle and surrounding compounds. Lake Nyos disaster of August 21, 1986. Cameroon. September 3, 1986. LAKE NYOS DISASTER 1986 ZMISC LAKE NYOS DISASTER LAKENYOS\TML0038 ID. TUTTLE, M. L. no. 38ct Ground view of Nyos village dead cattle and surrounding compounds. Lake Nyos disaster of August 21, 1986. Cameroon. September 3, 1986. LAKE NYOS DISASTER 1986 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1159 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1159 Aerial view of Lituya Bay; Mt. Crillon on right. See also Miller, D. J. 1278. Mt. Fairweather quadrangle, Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. September 16, 1954. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1171 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1171 Scar of rockslide, head of Lituya Bay, that generated 1958 giant wave. Mt. Fairweather quadrangle, Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 7, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1232 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1232 Sequence of 3 photos (1) showing scare at head of Lituya Bay. Wave damage on north shore of Lituya Bay, from southwest of Gilbert Inlet to La Chaussee spit. Low level oblique aerial views. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska, August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1233 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1233 Sequence of 3 photos (2) showing scare at head of Lituya Bay. Wave damage on north shore of Lituya Bay, from southwest of Gilbert Inlet to La Chaussee spit. Low level oblique aerial views. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska, August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1234 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1234 Sequence of 3 photos (3) showing scare at head of Lituya Bay. Wave damage on north shore of Lituya Bay, from southwest of Gilbert Inlet to La Chaussee spit. Low level oblique aerial views. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska, August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1247 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1247 Sequence of 15 photos ( 1) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1248 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1248 Sequence of 15 photos ( 2) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1249 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1249 Sequence of 15 photos ( 3) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1250 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1250 Sequence of 15 photos ( 4) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1251 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1251 Sequence of 15 photos ( 5) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1252 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1252 Sequence of 15 photos ( 6) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1253 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1253 Sequence of 15 photos ( 7) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1254 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1254 Sequence of 15 photos ( 8) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1255 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1255 Sequence of 15 photos ( 9) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1256 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1256 Sequence of 15 photos (10) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1257 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1257 Sequence of 15 photos (11) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1258 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1258 Sequence of 15 photos (12) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1259 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1259 Sequence of 15 photos (13) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1260 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1260 Sequence of 15 photos (14) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1261 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1261 Sequence of 15 photos (15) low level oblique aerial views of wave damage on south shore of Lituya Bay, from Harbor point to spur southwest of Crillon Inlet. Photo Library has similar sets for north shore. Mt. Fairweather Quadrangle. August 9, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1275 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1275 Sequence of aerial views along coast from Icy Point to Lituya Bay; marine terraces, La Perouse Glacier, Crillon Lake, Mt. Fairweather. Mt. Fairweather quadrangle, Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 29, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 GLACIER EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1276 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1276 Aerial panorama of Lituya Bay from south. Mt. Fairweather quadrangle, Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 29, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1278 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1278 Aerial view of Lituya Bay from point off entrance; showing 1958 wave damage. Mt. Fairweather quadrangle, Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 29, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1287 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1287 Aerial view northwest of wave damage on spur at Gilbert Inlet, Lituya Bay. Mt. Fairweather quadrangle, Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 29, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1290 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1290 Aerial view northwest along Fairweather fault trench at head of Lituya Bay. Mt. Fairweather quadrangle, Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 29, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1295 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1295 Sequence of 3 photos forming an aerial panorama of Lituya Bay from south. Wave damage. Mt. Fairweather quadrangle. Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 29, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1296 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1296 Sequence of 3 photos forming an aerial panorama of Lituya Bay from south. Wave damage. Mt. Fairweather quadrangle. Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 29, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) LITUYAEQ\MDJ1297 ID. MILLER, D. J. no. 1297 Sequence of 3 photos forming an aerial panorama of Lituya Bay from south. Wave damage. Mt. Fairweather quadrangle. Lituya district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 29, 1958. LITUYA BAY GIANT WAVES 1958 ZMISC TECTONICS LOMAPEQ\HRA0001 ID. HAUGERUD, R. A. no. 1ct Drain grating shows the effects of compression. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Los Gatos, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\MCE0009 ID. MEYER, CHARLES E. no. 9ct Aerial view of the collapsed section of the San Francisco Oakland Bay bridge, view west. Published as figure II2 in USGS Open file 90547. California, San Francisco County. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ EMERGENCY SVC DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\MCE0019 ID. MEYER, CHARLES E. no. 19ct Searching for victims at collapsed department store, Pacific Garden Mall. Published as figure XIII6 in USGS Open file 90547. California, Santa Cruz County. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\NJK0008 ID. NAKATA, J. K. no. 8ct Remnant portion of the north and south bound viaduct exposing box girders near 14th street. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Oakland, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\NJK0011 ID. NAKATA, J. K. no. 11ct Unfastened bookcases in an office building fell during the primary shock. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Menlo Park, California. 1989 LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC TECTONICS LOMAPEQ\NJK0015 ID. NAKATA, J. K. no. 15ct The cement retaining walls along Highway 280 formed an accordion like pattern as a result of compression. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Los Altos, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\NJK0018 ID. NAKATA, J. K. no. 18ct Books lay scattered in downtown bookstore. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Los Gatos, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\NJK0019 ID. NAKATA, J. K. no. 19ct Residents camped in their yards following the earthquake. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Los Gatos, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ ENGINEERING LOMAPEQ\NJK0034 ID. NAKATA, J. K. no. 34ct Many homeowners buttressed their foundations to prevent further damage from aftershocks in downtown Watsonville. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Watsonville Area, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC TECTONICS LOMAPEQ\TJC0002 ID. TINSLEY, JOHN C. no. 2ct Liquefaction in recent deposits of San Lorenzo river caused cracking and differential settling of river levee southeast of Riverside Avenue Bridge. Bridge piers and the north abutment area were also damaged by liquefaction. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Santa Cruz Area, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC TECTONICS LOMAPEQ\TJC0006 ID. TINSLEY, JOHN C. no. 6ct Liquefaction in recent deposits of the Paaro River formed sand volcanoes along a fissure 67 meters (19,723 feet) in length. The variation in grain size and the partial erosion of the conical deposits of sand shows that venting of the slurry of sand and water was a complex series of depositional and erosional events triggered by the main shock and renewed by principal aftershocks in some instances. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Watsonville Area, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 SAND VOLCANO EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\TJC0007 ID. TINSLEY, JOHN C. no. 7ct Structural failure of twin bridges carrying Highway 1 across Struve Slough, near Watsonville. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Watsonville Area, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\WHG0002 ID. WILSHIRE, HOWARD G. no. 2ct Aerial view of collapsed section of the Cypress viaduct of Interstate 880. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Oakland, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\WHG0004 ID. WILSHIRE, HOWARD G. no. 4ct Support column failure and collapsed upper deck, Cypress viaduct. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Oakland, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\WHG0006 ID. WILSHIRE, HOWARD G. no. 6ct Close-up of damaged reinforcement bars from a viaduct support column. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Oakland, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\WHG0007 ID. WILSHIRE, HOWARD G. no. 7ct Pancaked upper deck, Cypress viaduct. Guard rail at right is on lower deck. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Oakland, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC TECTONICS LOMAPEQ\WHG0008 ID. WILSHIRE, HOWARD G. no. 8ct Sheared reinforcement bar, hand for scale. Cypress viaduct. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Oakland, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\WHG0012 ID. WILSHIRE, HOWARD G. no. 12ct Aerial view of collapsed 5 story tower, St. Joseph's Seminary. One person working in tower was killed. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Los Altos, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\WHG0016 ID. WILSHIRE, HOWARD G. no. 16ct Close-up of collapsed wall of unreinforced masonry Medico Dental Building in the Pacific Garden Mall. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Santa Cruz Area, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\WHG0017 ID. WILSHIRE, HOWARD G. no. 17ct Utility lines broken at meter connection in houses that shifted off its foundation, downtown Watsonville. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Watsonville Area, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC TECTONICS LOMAPEQ\WHG0018 ID. WILSHIRE, HOWARD G. no. 18ct Support column of bridge across Struve Slough, Highway 1. Enlargement of hole where support enters the ground is an effect of lateral shaking. This caused the concrete to breakup where the column joined the bridge and was instrumental in the roadbed collapse. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Watsonville Area, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE LOMAPEQ\WHG0019 ID. WILSHIRE, HOWARD G. no. 19ct Support columns of Highway 1 bridge across Struve Slough protrude through road bed. This resulted from collapse of the road bed after the effects of lateral shaking shown in Wilshire 18ct. Loma Prieta Earthquake. Watsonville Area, California. 1989. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1989 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) MT1925EQ\PJT0955 ID. PARDEE, J. T. no. 955 Joints opened in limestone cliff by earthquake of June 27, 1925, near Lombard. Broadwater County, Montana. July 22, 1925. MANHATTAN, MT EARTHQUAKE 1925 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) MT1925EQ\PJT0956 ID. PARDEE, J. T. no. 956 Limestone cliffs and talus slope east of Missouri River at Lombard. Lighter streaks on the talus slope represent debris shaken-down by the June 27, 1925 earthquake. Broadwater County, Montana. July 22, 1925. MANHATTAN, MT EARTHQUAKE 1925 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) MT1925EQ\PJT1612 ID. PARDEE, J. T. no. 1612 Montana earthquake of June 27, 1925. Damaged ail at White Sulphur Springs. Note shearing of brick veneer from back wall. Meagher County, Montana. 1925. MANHATTAN, MT EARTHQUAKE 1925 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) MT1925EQ\PJT1613 ID. PARDEE, J. T. no. 1613 Montana earthquake of June 27, 1925. Damaged schoolhouse at Manhattan. Note separation of partition walls from outside wall due to lack of ties. Gallatin County, Montana. 1925. MANHATTAN, MT EARTHQUAKE 1925 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) MT1925EQ\PJT1615 ID. PARDEE, J. T. no. 1615 Montana earthquake of June 27, 1925. Broken railroad track near Lombard. Note rebound of the broken rail. Broadwater County, Montana. 1925. MANHATTAN, MT EARTHQUAKE 1925 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) MT1925EQ\PJT1616 ID. PARDEE, J. T. no. 1616 Montana earthquake of June 27, 1925. Rocks on railroad track near Lombard. Broadwater County, Montana. 1925. MANHATTAN, MT EARTHQUAKE 1925 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE MEXICOEQ\CELE0007 ID. CELEBI M. no. 7ct Ministry of Telecommunications and Transportation, upper stories damaged and collapsed. Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985. Mexico City, Mexico. MEXICO CITY EARTHQUAKE 1985 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE MEXICOEQ\CELE0014 ID. CELEBI M. no. 14ct Hotel Continental top floors collapsed. Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985. Mexico City, Mexico. MEXICO CITY EARTHQUAKE 1985 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE MEXICOEQ\CELE0018 ID. CELEBI M. no. 18ct Damaged Pina Suarez Apartment Complex. One of the 21-story towers collapsed. Steel contruction. Earthquake of September 19, 1985. Mexico City, Mexico. MEXICO CITY EARTHQUAKE 1985 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE MEXICOEQ\CELE0019 ID. CELEBI M. no. 19ct Different view of damaged Pina Suarez Apartment Complex. One of the 21-story towers collapsed. Steel contruction. Earthquake of September 19, 1985. Mexico City, Mexico. MEXICO CITY EARTHQUAKE 1985 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE MEXICOEQ\CELE0024 ID. CELEBI M. no. 24ct Eight story frame structure with brick infill walls broken in two; foundation came off. Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985. Mexico City, Mexico. MEXICO CITY EARTHQUAKE 1985 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE MEXICOEQ\CELE0053 ID. CELEBI M. no. 53ct Building with columns damaged and improper connections. Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985. Mexico City, Mexico. MEXICO CITY EARTHQUAKE 1985 ZMISC VOLCANOES EQINFO\EQ0380 ID. EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION BULLETIN no. 380 Aerial view from the northwest across devastated area to snow covered Mount St. Helens. Skamania County, Washington. April 17, 1981. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION MSH\MSH0002 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS no. 2 Mount St. Helens in eruption on May 18, 1980. Skamania County, Washington. (Photo by Krimmel). MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC CRATER VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSH0003 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS no. 3ct Eastern Washington resident sweeping ash from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens from the roof of his house. Washington. May 18, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC ASH VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION MSH\MSH0038 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS no. 38ct Second eruptive pulse approximately 18:43 hours as seen from the south. Note the bicolored appearance of the plume, ligher portion is the ash cloud rising from the pyroclastic flows. Skamania County, Washington. July 22, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC ASH VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION MSH\MSH0041 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS no. 41ct July 22, 1980 eruption. Second eruptive pulse approximately 18:45 hours as seen from the south. Note the bicolored appearance of the plume: Lighter color is the ash cloud rising from the pyroclastic flows. Skamania County, Washington. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANOES MSH\MSH0060 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS no. 60 Mount St. Helens from Harry's Ridge on the north showing the 200 foot high spine on the left side of the dome. Skamania County, Washington. February 1983. (Photo by Lyn Topinka). MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC CRATER VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION MSH\MSHZ0008 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS PP 1250 no. 8 July 22, 1980 third eruption pulse, aerial view taken at 19:07 PDT looking south, showing spreading mushroom top on convectively rising column and cloud of ask rising from an ash flow that has swept northward out of volcano's crater amphitheater. Northwest slope of volcano visible at lower right. Column height about 15 km. Skamania County, Washington. July 22, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHZ0075 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS PP 1250 no. 75 Whole mount of lower leaf surface of Grand fir after heat treatment. C. Heated to 250C. As temperature increased, the wax plug in the stomatal antechamber pore melted. Guard cells (gc) are exposed after 250C treatment. 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHZ0076 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS PP 1250 no. 76 Test sample 1. Lower surfaces of dead fir leaves from sites 1 and 2 in the seared zone. Wax plug (wp) instomatal antechamber pore (ap) seems intact in leaf from site 1(A), but only wax plug remnants (rm) remain on leaf from site 2(B). Cuticle of rim (r) of antechamber pore and ribbing (rb) appears glazed in leaf from site 1 (A), and site 2 (B). Skamania County, Washington. 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHZ0077 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS PP 1250 no. 77 Test sample 2. Lower surfaces of dead fir leaves from sites 1 and 2 in the seared zone. Wax plug (wp) instomatal antechamber pore (ap) seems intact in leaf from site 1(A), but only wax plug remnants (rm) remain on leaf from site 2(B). Cuticle of rim (r) of antechamber pore and ribbing (rb) appears glazed in leaf from site 1 (A), and site 2 (B). Skamania County, Washington. 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHZ0151 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS PP 1250 no. 151 SEM of volcanic ash on the unwashed surface of a wheat head floret, location A1, eastern Washington. Adams County, Washington. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC EFFECTS VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHZ0152 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS PP 1250 no. 152 View to east of debris avalanche from distal margin, along North Fork Toutle River. Cowlitz Country, Washington September/October 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC EFFECTS VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHB0019 ID. MSH-BANKS, N. no. 19ct View looking east at a shattered tree stump, east side of Boy Scout Bench BPFI. Skamania County, Washington. June 3, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHC0061 ID. MSH-CASADEVALL, T. no. 61ct Oblique aerial view of spine like protrusion of lava that rose about 200 feet above the summit of the dome during February. Snow covered Mount Rainier visible in the distance. Skamania County, Washington. February 1983. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 LAVA VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHL0042 ID. MSH-LIPMAN, P. W. no. 42ct Geologist holding two "basketball" size pumice rocks at shoulder height, demonstrating it's weight. Mount Saint Helens, Skamania County, Washington. May 21, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 PUMICE VOLCANOES MSH\MSHM0014 ID. MSH-MILLER, C.D. no. 14ct Fractured bulge on north side of Mt. St. Helens, oblique aerial view. Skamania County, Washington. May 4, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANO BULGE VOLCANOES MSH\MSHM0016 ID. MSH-MILLER, C.D. no. 16ct Fractured bulge on north side of Mt. St. Helens, oblique aerial view, closer than MSH-Miller, C.D. 14ct. Skamania County, Washington. May 7, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANO BULGE VOLCANOES MSH\MSHM0026 ID. MSH-MILLER, C.D. no. 26ct Widely published sketch of Mt. St. Helens bulge used to demonstrate explain probable volcanic activity during March-April 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANO BULGE VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHM0038 ID. MSH-MILLER, C.D. no. 38ct Sketch map showing probable tephra fall out from Mt. St. Helens May 18, 1980 eruption, areas over Idaho, Montana, Washington, and Wyoming. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC EFFECTS VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHM0040 ID. MSH-MILLER, C.D. no. 40ct View of blown down timber covering Spirit Lake, looking north-northwest. Skamania County, Washington. May 23, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC BLOWDOWN VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHM0070 ID. MSH-MILLER, C.D. no. 70ct Geologist lifting bushel basket size pumice rock, near landed helicopter, pumice flow north of amphitheater. Skamania County, Washington. May 23, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 PUMICE ZMISC MSH\MSHM0093 ID. MSH-MILLER, C.D. no. 93ct Scanning electron micrograph of pumiceous ash collected in Denver, from Mt. St. Helens, May 18, 1980 eruption. Denver, Colorado. 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 PUMICE VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHP0048 ID. MSH-PETERSON, J. E. no. 48ct Small fumarole, hydrated aluminum and iron chloride salts on rampart, with lense cap for scale. Skamania County,Washington. August 11, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 FUMAROLE EROSION LANDSLID\MSHR0104 ID. MSH-ROSENBAUM, J. no. 104ct Erosion of pumice flow by a small stream, north of Mount St. Helens. Skamania County, Washington. June 1, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 EROSION VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHR0109 ID. MSH-ROSENBAUM, J. no. 109ct Aerial view of timber blowdown destroyed by the May 18 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Dirt road for scale. Skamania County, Washington. June 8. 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC BLOWDOWN VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHR0132 ID. MSH-ROSENBAUM, J. no. 132ct Automobile heavily damaged by May 18, 1980 eruption, near Meta Lake, 13 km northeast of Mount St. Helens. Skamania County, Washington. June 18, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHR0134 ID. MSH-ROSENBAUM, J. no. 134ct Near view of left front signal light of vehicle heavily damaged by May 18, 1980 eruption, see MSH-Rosenbaum, J. 132ct, near Meta Lake, 13 km northeast of Mount St. Helens. Skamania County, Washington. June 18, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHR0141 ID. MSH-ROSENBAUM, J. no. 141ct Near view of melted dashboard of pickup truck located on ridge top about 14 km north of Mount St. Helens. Skamania County, Washington. June 18, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHR0201 ID. MSH-ROSENBAUM, J. no. 201ct Melted taillight cover, damaged chrome and paint on pickup truck caught in Mount St. Helens eruption of May 18, 1980. Skamania County, Washington. June 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHS0002 ID. MSH-SCHUSTER, R. L. no. 2ct Overturned logging truck on back side of Coldwater Ridge. Skamania County, Washington. July 2, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHS0033 ID. MSH-SCHUSTER, R. L. no. 33ct North pier of Tower Road bridge on North Fork Toutle River. Cowlitz County, Washington. July 5, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC MUDFLOW EFFECTS MSH\MSHS0080 ID. MSH-SCHUSTER, R. L. no. 80ct Weyerhaeuser bus submerged in mud at Camp Baker. Cowlitz County, Washington. July 11, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 MUDFLOW EFFECTS VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHU0036 ID. MSH-USGS BRANCH OF EXHIBITS no. BE-VOLC-36ct Desolate vehicles in the blast zone created by the May 18 eruption of Mount St. Helens. An ash covered truck and horse trailer near Ryan Lake, more than 12 miles northeast of Mount St. Helens. The vehicles were parked at the edge of the area in which trees were blown down by the lateral blast. Two men were camped at the lake nearby and were asphyxiated by the hot volcanic ash, which covered this spot to an average depth of about 6 inches. The blast temperatures were hot enough to melt the plastic of the truck grill, trailer window, signal indicators, and a lunch box. The tires and glass truck windows, however, were intact. Skamania County, Washington. May 27, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC ASH VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHU0037 ID. MSH-USGS BRANCH OF EXHIBITS no. BE-VOLC-37ct Mount St. Helens. Elaborate air filtration system added to automobile in the Moses Lake. Many techniques were tried to keep the ash out of mechanical systems they didn't work for long. Grant County, Washington. June 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC ASH VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHU0031 ID. MSH-USGS BRANCH OF EXHIBITS no. BE-VOLC-31ct Mount St. Helens. Blowdown of trees in Green River valley from the May 19 "blast." Cowlitz County, Washington. June 2, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS MSH\MSHW0207 ID. MSH-USGS BRANCH OF EXHIBITS no. w-207-80ct Mount St. Helens. Chart showing deposition in stream channels of the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers. Cowlitz County, Washington. 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 DEPOSITION VOLCANOES VOLCANO\CVOA0065 ID. USGS/CVO-A no. 65ct Oblique aerial view of secondary steam fumarole near Spirit Lake. Fumarole is 300 feet in diameter. Eruptions occurred hourly and continued for two months after May 18, 1980. Skamania County, Washington. 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 FUMAROLE VOLCANIC EFFECTS VOLCANO\CVOA0115 ID. USGS/CVO-A no. 115ct Oblique aerial view of more trees downed. Note how blast followed the contours of the mountainside. Skamania and/or Cowlitz County, Washington. 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 VOLCANIC BLOWDOWN VOLCANOES MSH\CVOB0002 ID. USGS/CVO-B no. 2ct View of Mount St. Helens reflected in Spirit Lake, two years after the eruption of May 18, 1980. Skamania County, Washington. May 19, 1982. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC MUDFLOW EFFECTS MUDSLIDE\CVOB0015 ID. USGS/CVO-B no. 15ct Home devastated by mud-flow, South Fork Toutle River near Toutle, Washington. Cowlitz County, Washington. July 16, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 MUDFLOW EFFECTS MUDFLOW EFFECTS MUDSLIDE\CVOE0038 ID. USGS/CVO-E no. 38ct Oblique aerial view of house destroyed by lahar/mudflow along North Fork Toutle River. Cowlitz County, Washington. May 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 MUDFLOW EFFECTS DRAINAGE MUDSLIDE\CVOF0042 ID. USGS/CVO-F no. 42ct Newly incised drainage channel in the blast zone, on Smith Creek. In 1980 this drainage channel was approximately 80 feet wide and 20 feet deep. One year later, in 1981, the drainage channel was approximately 200 feet wide and 36 feet deep. Note the remains of trees in the channel and people for scale near center of view. Skamania County, Washington. September 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 DRAINAGE DRAINAGE MUDSLIDE\CVOF0046 ID. USGS/CVO-F no. 46ct View of Lahar surface of the upper muddy river fan. Skamania County, Washington. October 24, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 DRAINAGE MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 MUDFLOWS MUDFLOW EFFECTS MUDSLIDE\CVOF0113 ID. USGS/CVO-F no. 113ct Devastation along the Cowlitz River resulting from the May 18, 1980 lahars. House inundated by mudflow. Cowlitz County, Washington. July 15, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 MUDFLOW EFFECTS MUDFLOW EFFECTS MUDSLIDE\CVOF0114 ID. USGS/CVO-F no. 114ct Devastation along the Cowlitz River resulting from the May 18, 1980 lahars. Garage half-buried by mudflow. Cowlitz County, Washington. July 15, 1980. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 MUDFLOW EFFECTS VOLCANIC EFFECTS MUDSLIDE\CVOF0141 ID. USGS/CVO-F no. 141ct USGS crew sampling gases from fumarole on Mt. Baker, near Bellingham. Whatcom County, Washington. June 1982. MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO 1980 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NM1812EQ\FML0137 ID. FULLER, M. L. no. 137 Coalescent or linear blows obstructing drainage in the Arkansas district. Sand blows of the New Madrid earthquake, Blytheville. Mississippi County, Missouri. 1904. NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKE 1812 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NM1812EQ\FML0140 ID. FULLER, M. L. no. 140 Sand blow (Sand Volcano) of craterlet type in area of disturbance, Caruthersville. New Madrid earthquake. Pemiscot County, Missouri. 1904. NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKE 1812 SAND VOLCANO EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NM1812EQ\FML0336 ID. FULLER, M. L. no. 336 Earthquake fissure filled with intruded sand, formed at the time of New Madrid earthquake. Mississippi County, Missouri. 1904. NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKE 1812 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NM1812EQ\FML0353 ID. FULLER, M. L. no. 353 Landslide trench and ridge in the Chickasaw bluffs, east of Reelfoot Lake, resulting from the New Madrid Earthquake. Obion County, Tennessee. NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKE 1812 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NM1812EQ\FML0355 ID. FULLER, M. L. no. 355 Landslide scarps in Chickasaw Bluffs, east of Reelfoot Lake, New Madrid earthquake. Obion County, Tennessee. 1904. NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKE 1812 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NM1812EQ\FML0356 ID. FULLER, M. L. no. 356 Trees tilted by New Madrid earthquake, Chickasaw bluffs east side of Reelfoot Lake. Note twist of trees into upright position. NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKE 1812 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NM1812EQ\FML0362 ID. FULLER, M. L. no. 362 Trees with double sets of roots. Elevated trees left by scooping out of sand by overflowing Mississippi waters south end of Reelfoot Lake. The surface is now about at its original level and the original tree trunk can be seen continuing down to the level of the ground. Later the tree was buried by sand to depth of 5 feet and new roots formed. Still later the sand was removed. New Madrid earthquake. Lake County, Tennessee. 1904. NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKE 1812 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NIC72EQ\BRD0001 ID. BROWN, R. D. Jr. no. 1 Air view of central Managua, looking south. Fault D passes obliquely across photograph and through the Central Bank which is heavily damaged. The adjacent Banks of the Americas is essentially undamaged. Many of the smaller structures that remain standing are badly damaged and will be razed. Extensive open areas in foreground are where structures have collapsed due to the earthquake and or fire. Much of the debris was already cleared away in the right foreground. Managua, Nicaragua earthquakes of December 23, 1972. NICARAQUA EARTHQUAKE 1972 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NIC72EQ\BRD0002 ID. BROWN, R. D. Jr. no. 2 One of many flowing water line breaks along earthquake fractures. Managua, Nicaragua, earthquakes of December 23, 1972. NICARAQUA EARTHQUAKE 1972 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NIC72EQ\BRD0009 ID. BROWN, R. D. Jr. no. 9 Compressional rupture and lateral buckle of north-south trending curb along fault zone B. Managua, Nicaragua, earthquakes of December 23, 1972. NICARAQUA EARTHQUAKE 1972 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NIC72EQ\BRD0011 ID. BROWN, R. D. Jr. no. 11 Collapsed three story reinforced concrete Customs House office building. This structure is astride fault B at a locality where aggregate sinistral slip is 25.9 cm. Managua, Nicaragua, earthquakes of December 23, 1972. NICARAQUA EARTHQUAKE 1972 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) NIC72EQ\BRD0014 ID. BROWN, R. D. Jr. no. 14 Swath of destroyed buildings along fault C. Fault trace is through center of photograph. Open fractures that trend north-south in street pavement are en echelon to the fault. Structure on the right is typical of tarquezal (wood and adobe) construction that was extensively damaged in Managua, Nicaragua, earthquakes of December 23, 1972. NICARAQUA EARTHQUAKE 1972 ZMISC VOLCANOES PARICUTN\WRE0081 ID. WILCOX, R. E. no. 81ct Distant view of pit in northeast flank of Paricutin cone, viewed from Cerro de Equijuata. Michoacan, Mexico. July 6, 1947. PARICUTIN VOLCANO 1947 VOLCANO VOLCANIC EFFECTS PARICUTN\WRE0084 ID. WILCOX, R. E. no. 84ct San Juan church partially buried by lava from Paricutin. Michoacan, Mexico. July 8, 1947. PARICUTIN VOLCANO 1947 ZMISC VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION PARICUTN\WRE0113 ID. WILCOX, R. E. no. 113ct Paricutin Volcano: spectacular view of eruption from Tipacua, note lava-dammed lake in forground. Michoacan, Mexico. Ooctober 30, 1947. PARICUTIN VOLCANO 1947 VOLCANO VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION PARICUTN\WRE0116 ID. WILCOX, R. E. no. 116ct Paricutin Volcano: spectacular view of eruption as seen from the west. Two people in foreground give scale. Note heavy ash cover on year-old lava. Michoacan, Mexico. November 7, 1947. PARICUTIN VOLCANO 1947 VOLCANO VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION PARICUTN\WRE0373 ID. WILCOX, R. E. no. 373ct Paricutin Volcano: spectacular night view of Paricutin erupting lava bursting far above crater rim and also visible on flanks. PARICUTIN VOLCANO 1947 VOLCANO VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION PARICUTN\WRE0378 ID. WILCOX, R. E. no. 378ct Paricutin Volcano: spectacular night view of Paricutin in eruption at night. Michoacan, Mexico. 1943. PARICUTIN VOLCANO 1947 VOLCANO DEBRIS FLOWS PERU70EQ\PER0002 ID. PERUVIAN EARTHQUAKE no. 2 Block of granodiorite (estimated to weigh 700 tons) that was transported by the May 31, 1970, Huascaran debris avalanche, located near the site of the former town of Ranrahirca. Layer of mud showing polygonal cracks resulted from seepage from the avalanche after it had come to rest. Top of block is covered with mud and rock fragments deposited by the avalanche after the block had come to rest. Peru. 1970. PERU EARTHQUAKE 1970 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) PERU70EQ\PER0003 ID. PERUVIAN EARTHQUAKE no. 3 Destruction of adobe houses in Huaraz as a result of May 31, 1970 earthquake. Here the rubble fills a street to the depth of several feet. Peru. 1970. PERU EARTHQUAKE 1970 ZMISC EARTHQUAKE (EQ) PERU70EQ\PER0005 ID. PERUVIAN EARTHQUAKE no. 5 Sand boil (Sand Volcano) in water saturated unconsolidates sediments of the Casma Valley; during the earthquake ets. of muddy and sandy water squirted from the two pits. The mound of ejected sand is more than 1 meter in diameter. Peru. 1970. PERU EARTHQUAKE 1970 SAND VOLCANO EARTHQUAKE (EQ) PERU70EQ\PER0013 ID. PERUVIAN EARTHQUAKE no. 13 Concrete block house, Corporacion Peruana del Santa housing development, Chimbote, which was torn apart by liquefaction and lateral flow of beach sediments that constitute the foundation material. Peru. 1970. PERU EARTHQUAKE 1970 ZMISC VOLCANOES PINATUBO\CTJ0001 ID. CASADEVALL, T. J. 1ct Oblique aerial view looking south of north flank of Pinatubo showing area devastated by April 2 explosions. Road in foreground provided access to geothermal drill stations. Philippines. April 1991. PINATUBO VOLCANO 1991 ZMISC VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION PINATUBO\CTJ0005 ID. CASADEVALL, T. J. 5ct First major eruption of Pinatubo, from Clark Air Base. Philippines. June 12, 1991. (Photo by R.S. Culbreth, USAF). PINATUBO VOLCANO 1991 ZMISC VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION PINATUBO\CTJ0006 ID. CASADEVALL, T. J. 6ct First major eruption of Pinatubo, from Clark Air Base. Philippines. June 12, 1991. (Photo by Karin Jackson, USAF) PINATUBO VOLCANO 1991 ZMISC VOLCANOES PINATUBO\CTJ0014 ID. CASADEVALL, T. J. 14ct Aerial view of Pinatubo crater showing crater lake. Philippines. September 10, 1991. PINATUBO VOLCANO 1991 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS PINATUBO\CTJ0015 ID. CASADEVALL, T. J. 15ct World Airways DC10 airplane setting on its tail because of weight of Pinatubo, June 15, ash, Cubi Point Naval Air Station. Philippines. (Photo by R.L. Rieger, USN) PINATUBO VOLCANO 1991 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS PINATUBO\CTJ0017 ID. CASADEVALL, T. J. 17ct Collapsed roof in public market, Olangapo city, Philippines. August 3, 1991. PINATUBO VOLCANO 1991 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS PINATUBO\CTJ0019 ID. CASADEVALL, T. J. 19ct Ash covered native house on flanks of Pinatubo. Philippines. June 28, 1991. PINATUBO VOLCANO 1991 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS PINATUBO\CTJ0020 ID. CASADEVALL, T. J. 20ct Distant aerial view of resettlement camp for victims of Pinatubo eruption. Philippines. August 12, 1991. PINATUBO VOLCANO 1991 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS PINATUBO\CTJ0022 ID. CASADEVALL, T. J. 22ct Oblique aerial view of flooding in Santa Rita de Concepcion village. Main flow of Bamban river has migrated from its channel to cause extensive flooding in villages downstream from Pinatubo. Philippines. July 23, 1991. PINATUBO VOLCANO 1991 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS PINATUBO\CTJ0023 ID. CASADEVALL, T. J. 23ct USGS scientists observing hot mudflow (lahar) in Sacobia valley below Mactan gate, Clark Air Base. Philippines. August 4, 1991. PINATUBO VOLCANO 1991 MUDFLOWS MUDFLOW EFFECTS PINATUBO\CTJ0024 ID. CASADEVALL, T. J. 24ct Oblique aerial view of Abacan river channel as it passes through city near Clark Air Base. Mudflow associated with June 15 eruption caused collapse of main bridges across the Abacan river. Note makeshift bridges for pedestrians. Philippines. August 12, 1991. PINATUBO VOLCANO 1991 MUDFLOW EFFECTS EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE SF1971EQ\CAL0005 ID. CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE no. 5 Collapsed overpass connecting Foothill Boulevard and Golden State Freeway. San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971. Los Angeles County, California. 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE SF1971EQ\CAL0014 ID. CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE no. 14 Lower Van Norman Dam near San Fernando, showing slumping on north side and concrete dropping into lake in the wake of the February 9, 1971 earthquake. A considerable amount of water had been emptied from the lake at the time. Los Angeles County, California. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE SF1971EQ\CAL0015 ID. CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE no. 15 House damaged by displacement along reverse fault during the San Fernando earthquake. California. February 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE SF1971EQ\CAL0029 ID. CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE no. 29 Electrical equipment at the Converter station knocked over by the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Los Angeles County, California. 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE SF1971EQ\KACH0020 ID. KACHADOORIAN, R. no. 20ct Oblique aerial view of collapsed highway overpass. Probably Interstate 5 and 14 interchange. San Fernando Earthquake. Los Angeles County, California. February 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE SF1971EQ\KACH0024 ID. KACHADOORIAN, R. no. 24ct Damaged steel reinforced concrete support on Interstate 5 and 14. San Fernando Earthquake. Los Angeles County, California. February 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ EMERGENCY SVC DAMAGE SF1971EQ\KACH0042 ID. KACHADOORIAN, R. no. 42ct Oblique aerial view looking northerly showing fallen structurally separated stairwell tower and collapsed basement of Olive View hospital. San Fernando Earthquake. Los Angeles County, California. February 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ EMERGENCY SVC DAMAGE SF1971EQ\KACH0045 ID. KACHADOORIAN, R. no. 45ct View across Olive View Hospital parking lot of fallen stair tower. San Fernando Earthquake. Los Angeles County, California. February 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ EMERGENCY SVC DAMAGE SF1971EQ\KACH0049 ID. KACHADOORIAN, R. no. 49ct Damaged Los Angeles County ambulance, still under collapsed covered parking, Olive View Hospital. San Fernando Earthquake. Los Angeles County, California. February 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE SF1971EQ\KACH0077 ID. KACHADOORIAN, R. no. 77ct Close-up view of column and ceiling damage, covered parking of Olive View Hospital. San Fernando Earthquake. Los Angeles County, California. February 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE SF1971EQ\KACH0202 ID. KACHADOORIAN, R. no. 202ct Driveway curbcut, laterally offset by the San Fernando Earthquake of February 9, 1971. Los Angeles County, California. February 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE SF1971EQ\KACH0280 ID. KACHADOORIAN, R. no. 280ct Section of 24 inch by 3/8 inch plate pipe telescoped at mechanical coupled joint (coupling removed) from Maclay Reservoir outlet line on Foothill Boulevard, Sylmar area. San Fernando Earthquake. Los Angeles County, California. February 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE SF1971EQ\KACH0286 ID. KACHADOORIAN, R. no. 286ct Side views of sections of 49.5 inch (outside) diameter x 1/4 inch welded steel pipe A 283 Gr. C., showing mechanical coupled joint failure with 2 inch diameter rods (on exterior) from Granada Trunk line, Metropolitan Water District corridor. Man examining section. San Fernando Earthquake. Los Angeles County, California. February 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE SF1971EQ\KACH0302 ID. KACHADOORIAN, R. no. 302ct View at an oblique angle, showing interior as well as the exterior sides of a section of 24 inch by 3/8 inch plate pipe telescoped at mechanical coupled joint. San Fernando Earthquake. Los Angeles, California. February 1971. SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE 1971 ZMISC TECTONICS SF1906EQ\GGK2845 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 2845 Fence offset 8 1/2 feet by main fault one half mile northwest of Woodville, looking northeast. Marin County, California. 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 FAULT SCARP EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE SF1906EQ\GGK2870 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 2870 Buckle in iron water pipe. California earthquake of April 18, 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE SF1906EQ\GGK2879 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 2879 Northward on Howard Street at Seventeenth Street. The soil at right foreground settled and moved forward. The buckle of railway tracks resulted from this movement. San Francisco. San Francisco County, California. 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE SF1906EQ\GGK2881 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 2881 The rails of the nearer track were buckled by expansion from the heat of burning buildings. The same caused exfoliation of the paving blocks. San Francisco, California. April, 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE SF1906EQ\GGK2884 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 2884 Rotated chimney. California earthquake of April 18, 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE SF1906EQ\GGK2886 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 2886 First Baptist Church, Oakland. California earthquake of April 18, 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ UTILITIES DAMAGE SF1906EQ\GGK2908 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 2908 Water tank thrown westward. West shore of Tomales Bay, California earthquake of April 18, 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE SF1906EQ\GGK2976 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 2976 California earthquake. Pier and barn of the Dipsea Hotel, Bolinas Lagoon, looking northwest. Previous to the earthquake of April 18, 1906, the piles supporting the pier were vertical. The line of the earthquake fault is between the pier and the distant shore. Marin County, California. ca. 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE SF1906EQ\GGK2993 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 2993 California earthquake. Baily's pier at Inverness, southwest shore of Tomales Bay. Previous to the earthquake of 1906 this pier was straight. Its present form is due partly to restoration after earthquake injury but chiefly to the shifting of mud constituting the bottom of the bay. In the work of repair it was found that the pier had been telescoped so as to be 12 feet shorter than before the earthquake. Marin County, California. 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC LANDSLIDE SF1906EQ\GGK3005 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 3005 Freshly formed landslide on a northward slope, Berkeley Hills, 2 miles east of Berkeley. Alameda County, California. February 27, 1907. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 LANDSLIDE EQ TRANSPORT DAMAGE SF1906EQ\GGK3400 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 3400 Train thrown down by earthquake of April 18, 1906. The train was standing on a siding. Beyond are the buildings of the Point Reyes Hotel; and at the extreme right the ruin of a stone store which was shaken down. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE SF1906EQ\MWC0684 ID. MENDENHALL, W. C. no. 684 View southwest from corner of Geary and Mason streets, San Francisco. April 20, 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE SF1906EQ\MWC0685 ID. MENDENHALL, W. C. no. 685 Nob Hill seen from corner of Van Ness and Washington Streets, after the earthquake. San Francisco, California. 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE SF1906EQ\MWC0691 ID. MENDENHALL, W. C. no. 691 Refugees camp, Jefferson Square, San Francisco. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE SF1906EQ\MWC0692 ID. MENDENHALL, W. C. no. 692 Phelan building, San Francisco. April 20, 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE SF1906EQ\MWC0699 ID. MENDENHALL, W. C. no. 699 Hibernia bank building. San Francisco. 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ EMERGENCY SVC DAMAGE SF1906EQ\MWC0707 ID. MENDENHALL, W. C. no. 707 City Hall, San Francisco, April 20, 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ HOUSING DAMAGE SF1906EQ\MWC0710 ID. MENDENHALL, W. C. no. 710 Wrecked house built of concrete floors, University Avenue, Palo Alto. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE SF1906EQ\MWC0715 ID. MENDENHALL, W. C. no. 715 The Agassiz statue, Stanford University, California. April 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE SF1906EQ\MWC0717 ID. MENDENHALL, W. C. no. 717 The Great Arch at Stanford University, California. April 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE SF1906EQ\MWC0721 ID. MENDENHALL, W. C. no. 721 Gymnasium, Stanford University, California. April 1906. SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 1906 ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS SUNSETVL\CHR0023 ID. CORNWALL, H. R. no. 23 Aa lava flow top. Plates are oriented perpendicular to direction of flow and tops of up-ended plates bend toward source of flow. Sunset Crater National Monument, Coconino County, Arizona. 1949. SUNSET VOLCANO 1949 LAVA (AA) VOLCANIC EFFECTS SUNSETVL\CHR0035 ID. CORNWALL, H. R. no. 35 Aa tops of basalt lava flows, Sunset Crater National Monument, Coconino County, Arizona. 1949. SUNSET VOLCANO 1949 LAVA (AA) VOLCANIC EFFECTS SUNSETVL\CHR0036 ID. CORNWALL, H. R. no. 36 Aa lava flow top, Sunset Crater National Monument, Coconino County, Arizona. 1949. SUNSET VOLCANO 1949 LAVA (AA) EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE JEQ1923\LGA0004 ID. GEORGE A. LANG COLLECTION no. 4 "A good idea of the tremendous devastation in Tokyo wrought by earthquake and fire..."Japan Times, Eighth Ed., 1923. "Enclosed find a few snaps taken on the top of the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo which is the only hotel in the earthquake district that survived. "J.H. Messervey, letter dated March 5, 1924. TOKYO EARTHQUAKE 1923 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE JEQ1923\LGA0005 ID. GEORGE A. LANG COLLECTION no. 5 "A good idea of the tremendous devastation in Tokyo wrought by earthquake and fire..."Japan Times, Eighth Ed., 1923. "Enclosed find a few snaps taken on the top of the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo which is the only hotel in the earthquake district that survived. "J.H. Messervey, letter dated March 5, 1924. TOKYO EARTHQUAKE 1923 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE JEQ1923\LGA0006 ID. GEORGE A. LANG COLLECTION no. 6 "A good idea of the tremendous devastation in Tokyo wronght by earthquake and fire..."Japan Times, Eighth Ed., 1923. "Enclosed find a few snaps taken on the top of the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo which is the only hotel in the earthquake district that survived. "J.H. Messervey, letter dated March 5, 1924. TOKYO EARTHQUAKE 1923 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE JEQ1923\LGA0007 ID. GEORGE A. LANG COLLECTION no. 7 "A good idea of the tremendous devastation in Tokyo wronght by earthquake and fire..."Japan Times, Eighth Ed., 1923. "Enclosed find a few snaps taken on the top of the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo which is the only hotel in the earthquake district that survived. "J.H. Messervey, letter dated March 5, 1924. TOKYO EARTHQUAKE 1923 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE JEQ1923\LGA0008 ID. GEORGE A. LANG COLLECTION no. 8 "A good idea of the tremendous devastation in Tokyo wronght by earthquake and fire..."Japan Times, Eighth Ed., 1923. "Enclosed find a few snaps taken on the top of the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo which is the only hotel in the earthquake district that survived. "J.H. Messervey, letter dated March 5, 1924. TOKYO EARTHQUAKE 1923 ZMISC EQ COMMERCE DAMAGE JEQ1923\LGA0009 ID. GEORGE A. LANG COLLECTION no. 9 Yokohama, Japan. 1923. Catastrophe of Yokohama, Grand Hotel. "I enclose also a photo of the ruins of the Grand Hotel at Yokohama where I stopped last year." J. H. Messervey, letter dated March 5, 1924. TOKYO EARTHQUAKE 1923 ZMISC TECTONICS ALEQ\ALEQ0001 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 1ct Uplifted sea floor at Cape Cleare, Montague Island, Prince William Sound, in the area of greatest recorded tectonic uplift on land (33 feet). The very gently slopping flat rocky surface with the white coating which lies between the cliffs and the water is about a quarter of a mile wide. It is a wave cut surface that was below sea level before the earthquake. The white coating consists of the remains of calcareous marine organisms that were killed by desiccation when the wave cut surface was lifted above high tide during the earthquake. ZMISC ELEVATED SEA FLOOR TSUMAMI DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0017 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 17ct (Black and white) Overall view of down town Kodiak before the tsunami (the upper half of the slide) and after (the lower half of the slide). The waves swept in from the left. ZMISC ZMISC TSUMAMI DAMAGE ALEQ\ALEQ0018 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 18ct Close-up view of tsunami damage along the waterfront at Kodiak ZMISC ZMISC ZMISC ALEQ\ALEQ0238 ID. ALASKA EARTHQUAKE no. 238 Sherman Glacier showing conditions before the 1964 earthquake: compare with Alaska Earthquake no. 239. Note medial and laterial moraines. Cordova district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 26, 1963. ZMISC GLACIER ZMISC GEOLOGY\ACC0018 ID. ALBRITTON, C. C. Jr. no. 18 Limestone beds of Torcer Formation in syncline along northeast front of Malone Mountains, south of Torcer station. Hudspeth County, Texas. ca. 1949. ZMISC FOLDS ZMISC GEOLOGY\AWC0230 ID. ALDEN, W. C. no. 230 Pothole containing pebbles, bed of Blackstone River, below the dam. Worcester County, Massachusetts. September 26, 1906. ZMISC POTHOLES ZMISC MINERAL\AAK0125 ID. ARMSTRONG, A. K. no. 125 Specimens of altered rock type I from the Roberts Mountains Formation, Carlin gold mine, SEM micrographs. A,82E-I+19. Nearly euhedral ditrital zircon crystal in a matrix of porous authigenic clay minerals. Rock shows some evidence of exidation. Eureka County, Nevada. 1984 ZMISC MINERALOGY ZMISC MINERAL\AAK0131 ID. ARMSTRONG, A. K. no. 131 Clear, 10 to 50uml subhedral dolomite rhombs in a matrix of iron rich dolomite and detrital quartz. Rock, from an ore zone, is dark gray and organically rich and contains numerous small vugs lined with quartz crystals. Views are within one of these vugs. Quartz crystals within a vug; some surfaces are covered by small sphalerite crystals. Specimens of altered rock type I from the Roberts Mountains Formation, Carlingold mine; SEM micrographs of sample 82E-I+31. Eureka County, Nevada. 1984. ZMISC MINERALOGY ZMISC MINERAL\AAK0132 ID. ARMSTRONG, A. K. no. 132 Clear, 10 to 50uml subhedral dolomite rhombs in a matrix of iron rich dolomite and detrital quartz. Rock, from an ore zone, is dark gray and organically rich and contains numerous small vugs lined with quartz crystals. Views are within one of these vugs. Center quartz crystal contains an enclosed crystal of arsenopyrite, and floor of vug has scattered crystals of sphalerite. Specimens of altered rock type I from the Roberts Mountains Formations, Carlin gold mine; SEM micrographs of sample 82E-I+31. Eureka County, Nevada. 1984. ZMISC MINERALOGY CREEP CREEP\AWW0096 ID. ATWOOD, W. W. no. 96 Effects of hillside creep on railroad tracks near Coal Creek. Yukon Territory, Canada. 1907. ZMISC CREEP ZMISC GEOLOGY\BJR0002 ID. BALSLEY, J. R. no. 2 Anticline Dome at Sinclair, Wyo. 1949. ZMISC FOLDS ZMISC GEOLOGY\BJR0003 ID. BALSLEY, J. R. no. 3 Tilted beds between Rawlins and Laramie, Wyoming. 1949. ZMISC FOLDS DRAINAGE GEOLOGY\BJR0054 ID. BALSLEY, J. R. no. 54 Dendritic pattern near Green River, Utah. ZMISC DRAINAGE GLACIATION GEOLOGY\BEE0050 ID. BRABB, E. E. no 50ct Looking south across Granite Creek at alluvial fan and valley glacier. Eastern Chugach Mountains. Chitina district, Copper River region, Alaska. 1959. ZMISC GLACIATION ROCK SLIDES ROCKSLID\BDA0008 ID. BROBST, D. A. no. 8ct Rockslide near Bakersville. Metamorphic rocks dipping toward road fell after extensive spring rains. Mitchell County, North Carolina. 1952. ZMISC ROCK SLIDES ZMISC GEOLOGY\BUTT0148 ID. BUTTS, C. no. 148 Small potholes on surface large rock mass. Potholes mostly full of quartz pebbles of Lafayette formation; Warrior River above mouth of Blue Creek, Alabama. n.d. ZMISC POTHOLES ZMISC GEOLOGY\CFC0006 ID. CALKINS, F. C. no. 6 Jointing in Prichard shale near mouth of Elk Creek, Shoshone County, Idaho. ca 1903. ZMISC JOINTING GLACIATION GEOLOGY\CFC0088 ID. CALKINS, F. C. no. 88 Canyon of mill creek. Shows characteristic U-shaped valley and remains of the old topography on the sides. ZMISC U-SHAPED VALLEY ROCK SLIDES ROCKSLID\CARR0028 ID. CARRARA, P. no. 28ct 100 year old rock slide of Weber sandstone. Dinosaur National Monument. Moffat County, Colorado. June 15, 1976. ZMISC ROCK SLIDES AVALANCHE CHUTE AVALANCH\CARR0151 ID. CARRARA, P. no. 151ct Avalanche chute, South Fork Mineral Creek. San Juan Mountains. San Juan County, Colorado. June 1, 1972. ZMISC AVALANCHE CHUTE ZMISC GEOLOGY\CARR0179 ID. CARRARA, P. no. 179ct U-shaped valley of Minnie Gulch. San Juan Mountains. San Juan County, Colorado. July 22, 1972. ZMISC U-SHAPED VALLEY ZMISC GEOLOGY\CARR0197 ID. CARRARA, P. no. 197ct Waterfall near head of Bear Creek valley, south of Telluride. San Juan Mountains. San Miguel County, Colorado. June 27, 1973. ZMISC WATER FALL AVALANCHE CHUTE AVALANCH\CARR0215 ID. CARRARA, P. no. 215ct Battleship avalanche path along Highway 550 north of Silverton. Avalanche forest trimline visible at left. San Juan Mountains. San Juan County, Colorado. July 2, 1975. ZMISC AVALANCHE CHUTE AVALANCHE CHUTE AVALANCH\CARR0795 ID. CARRARA, P. no. 795ct Henson Creek and avalanche track. Hinsdale County, Colorado. August 21, 1986. ZMISC AVALANCHE CHUTE ZMISC GEOLOGY\CD0014 ID. CARROLL, DON no. 14 Looking north-northeast across Fremont River valley toward North Caineville Mesa from Bluegate Pass on divide on old road from Hanksville to Fruita. Rocks are Mancos Formation. Wayne County, Utah. n.d. ZMISC MESA EROSION GEOLOGY\CRH0204 ID. CHAPMAN, R. H. no. 204 Unconformity. Small mesa near San Lorenzo Arroyo. Arizona. ZMISC MESA DEBRIS FLOWS GEOHAZ\CME0008 ID. COOLEY, M. E. no. 8 Debris slide along the Point Sublime Trail 0.25 miles east of Outlet Canyon. Grand Canyon National Park. Coconino County, Arizona. ca. 1966. ZMISC DEBRIS FLOWS CREEP CREEP\CER0080 ID. CRESSMAN, E. R. no. 80 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member of the Phosphoria Formation exposed in bulldozer trench at Greenstone Gulch. Note depth of creep zone. Beaverhead County, Montana. n.d. ZMISC CREEP MUDFLOWS MUDFLOW\CCW0765 ID. CROSS, C. W. no. 765 Slumgullion mud flow from its source to Lake San Cristobal, from an elevation of 10,650 feet, looking eastward across the valley of the Lake Fork. The smooth slopes on either side of the mud flow are largely covered by glacial gravels. Hinsdale County, Colorado. September 22, 1905. ZMISC MUDFLOWS ZMISC GEOLOGY\DNH0738 ID. DARTON, N. H. no. 738 The Devil's Tower, Crook County, Wyoming. n.d. ZMISC COLUMNAR STRUCTURE VOLCANOES GEOLOGY\DJS0473 ID. DILLER, J. S. no. 473 Wizard Island, a cinder cone in Crater Lake. Crater Lake National Park. Klamath County, Oregon. n.d. ZMISC CINDERCONE BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIERI\DR0002 ID. DOLAN, R. no. 2 Oblique aerial view of Ocean City. Worcester County, Maryland. 1977. ZMISC BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIERI\DR0004 ID. DOLAN, R. no. 4 Vertical aerial view: inlet cut through Assateague Island during the Ash Wednesday storm of March. Accomack County, Virginia. March 24, 1962. ZMISC BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIERI\DR0013 ID. DOLAN, R. no. 13 Oblique aerial view of hotels and development along shore front of Ocean City. The distances between buildings and shore line leaves little room for natural processes during storms. Worcester County, Maryland. n.d. ZMISC BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIERI\DR0026 ID. DOLAN, R. no. 26 Oblique aerial view showing pattern of development at Nags Head. Dare County, North Carolina. 1958. ZMISC BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIERI\DR0027 ID. DOLAN, R. no. 27 Oblique aerial view showing pattern of development at Nags Head. Compare with photo 26. Dare County, North Carolina. 1979. ZMISC BARRIER ISLANDS MINING EFFECTS GEOHAZ\DCR0006 ID. DUNRUD, C. R. no. 6cp Southward aerial oblique view of subsidence depressions, pits, and cracks above the south part of the abandoned room and pillar Acme mine. The mine was operated from the early 1900's to 1943. The location and geometry of subsidence depressions and pits correspond to mining areas and to individual mine openings. Close view of subsidence depressions containing pits and bounded by tension cracks. Pits of markedly different ages are present, ranging from bowl-like depressions blanketed by green grass, many years or decades old, to small pits with vertical or overhanging walls, only a few months or years old. Subsidence depressions, pits, and cracks occur sporadically on road in left foreground and present problems to stock and vehicle travel. Sheridan County, Wyoming. May 1976. ZMISC SUBSIDENCE EFFECTS MINING EFFECTS GEOHAZ\DCR0007 ID. DUNRUD, C. R. no. 7cp Aerial oblique view showing surface subsidence effect above abandoned coal mine 10-15 miles north of Sheridan. Subsidence pits and troughs, above the Dietz coal mines. The Dietz mines were mined from the 1890's to the 1920's. Coal was mined from three different beds. The mine workings which were abandoned in the early 1920's are locally superimposed. The overburden comprises weak claystones, shales and local thin, soft sandstones. Its thickness is estimated to range from 5 meters along the margins of the subsidence area to as much as 45 meters. Pits and troughs located in draws draining into Goose Creek disrupt surface water to old mine workings. Bighorn Mountains are in far background. Sheridan County, Wyoming. October 1976. ZMISC SUBSIDENCE EFFECTS MINING EFFECTS GEOHAZ\DCR0011 ID. DUNRUD, C. R. no. 11cp Southward aerial oblique view of subsidence depressions, pits, and cracks above the south part of the abandoned room and pillar Acme mine. The mine was operated from the early 1900's to 1943. The location and geometry of subsidence depressions and pits correspond to mining areas and to individual mine openings. Close view of subsidence depressions containing pits and bounded by tension cracks. Pits of markedly different ages area present, ranging from bowl-like depressions blanketed by green grass, many years or decades old, to small pits with vertical or overhanging walls, only a few months or years old. Subsidence depressions, pits, and cracks occur sporadically on road in left foreground and present problems to stock and vehicle travel. Sheridan County, Wyoming. May 1976. ZMISC SUBSIDENCE EFFECTS MINING EFFECTS GEOHAZ\DCR0014 ID. DUNRUD, C. R. no. 14cp Northeastward aerial oblique view of the firepit located above the northern part of the Acme mine. Position of firepit in April 1978; fire has advanced about 40 m during the period 1975-1978; total length of firepit in 1978 was about 110 m. Note anamalous green grass adjacent to scorched area around firepit. Fire, blue smoke, and steam issue from branching and offset cracks caused by subsidence above the buring coal. Crenulate cracks within and marginal to the pit divert surface run-off and ground water. The firepit area is within a larger subsidence depression that contains numerous old pits and is bounded by tension cracks as much as 3 m wide. Sheridan County, Wyoming. April 1978. ZMISC MINE FIRES MINING EFFECTS GEOHAZ\DCR0015 ID. DUNRUD, C. R. no. 15cp Southward view of the firepit above the northern part of the Acme mine. The scorched, cracked, and collapsed ground of the firepit area is in stark contrast with surrounding lush green grass. Other bare spots can be seen in background where either high ground temperature or noxious fumes inhibit growth of vegetation. Blue smoke and fire issue from the firepit and adjacent branching and offset subsidence cracks. Steam is emitted from cracks about 2 m ahead of the fire front inright foreground and also along ridge in background. Craters within the pit are either explosion craters caused by sudden releases of steam and other gases or are local and secondary collapse features. Sheridan County, Wyoming. May 1978. ZMISC MINE FIRES MINING EFFECTS GEOHAZ\DCR0016 ID. DUNRUD, C. R. no. 16cp Close-up view of the advancing fire front in the firepit. Northward view across the edge of the firepit. The grass is dead near the pit from the effects of heat and noxious gases but is greener than normal on the background where the temperature promotes plant growth. Intense heat from the fire front scorches adjacent grass and shrubs and occasionally causes grass fires. Sheridan County, Wyoming. April 1976. ZMISC MINE FIRES MINING EFFECTS GEOHAZ\DCR0017 ID. DUNRUD, C. R. no. 17cp Close-up view of the advancing fire front in the firepit. Southward view across the edge of the firepit. A severe fire hazard exists in late summer and fall. The fire column is hot enough to melt the bedrock. Sheridan County, Wyoming. April 1976. ZMISC MINE FIRES ZMISC EQINFO\EQ0181 ID. EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION BULLETIN no. 181 Staff geophysicist Waverly Person points to the trace of an earthquake which triggered an alert at the National Earthquake Information Service. Golden, Jefferson County, Colorado. n.d. ZMISC SEISMOMETRY ZMISC EQINFO\EQ0184 ID. EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION BULLETIN no. 184 Seismograph. ZMISC SEISMOMETRY PERMAFROST EFFECTS PERMFRST\FOJ0012 ID. FERRIANS, O. J. no. 12 Differential subsidence of road bed of the standard gauge Copper River and Northwestern Railway near Strelna, 75 miles northeast of Valdez. The thermal equilibrium of the fine grained sediments underlying the road bed was disrupted during construction and the permafrost started to thaw differentially. Maintenance and use of the railroad was discontinued in 1938. Subsidence as well as lateral displacement, however, has continued. Kuskulana district, Copper River region, Alaska. September 1960. ZMISC PERMAFROST EFFECTS PERMAFROST EFFECTS PERMFRST\FOJ0016 ID. FERRIANS, O. J. no. 16 Gravel road near the Umiat showing severe differential subsidence caused by thawing of ice-wedge polygons in permafrost. Anaktuvuk district, Northern Alaska region, Alaska. August 1958. ZMISC PERMAFROST EFFECTS PERMAFROST EFFECTS PERMFRST\FOJ0023 ID. FERRIANS, O. J. no. 23 Roadhouse, mile 278.5, Richardson Highway. The structure is distorted because of thawing of the underlying ice-rich permafrost in the fine grained silts and sands. Gulkana district, Cooper River region, Alaska. May 29, 1962. ZMISC PERMAFROST EFFECTS ZMISC GEOLOGY\FC0004 ID. FRIES, C. no. 4 Pot holes eroded in Columnar basalt. Note horizontal markings on columns. Just below dam at San MIguel Regla. Hidalgo, Mexico ZMISC COLUMNAR STRUCTURE ZMISC GEOLOGY\FC0005 ID. FRIES, C. no. 5 Horizontal markings on basalt column in canyon just below dam at San Miguel Regla. Hidalgo, Mexico. ZMISC COLUMNAR STRUCTURE ZMISC GEOLOGY\GGK0829 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 829 Cindercone, San Francisco Plateau. Coconino County, Arizona. 1891. ZMISC CINDERCONE EROSION GEOLOGY\GGK0838 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 838 Details of the sculptured face of Red Mountain, a Cindercone of the San Francisco Plateau. The figure of a man gives the scale. Coconino County, Arizona. 1891. ZMISC EROSION ZMISC GEOLOGY\GGK2032 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 2032 Granite boulder shaped by exfoliation, the boulder is about 40 feet in diameter, the separated fragment resting on it about 10 feet thick. Giant Forest, Kaweah Basin, Sequoia National Park, California. 1903. ZMISC EXFOLIATION GLACIATION GEOLOGY\GGK2035 ID. GILBERT, G. K. no. 2035 Glacial striae and polish on granite, upper valley of Ireland Creek, Californai. Illustrates the leeward prolongation of hollows initiated by weak spots in the rock. This feature is diagnostic of the direction of the ice motion. Yosemite National Park. 1903. ZMISC GLACIATION SLUMP SLUMP\GJR0139 ID. GILL, J. R. no. 139ct Arikaree Formation slump on White River Group, including Brule Formation. Mendenhall area, Slim Buttes. Harding County, South Dakota. August 1953. ZMISC SLUMP ZMISC GEOLOGY\GJR0445 ID. GILL, J. R. no. 445ct Double Arch. Arches National Park, Utah, n.d. ZMISC NATURAL ARCHES ZMISC PALEO\GPE0029 ID. GREESON, P. E. no. 29 Scanning electronmicrograph (SEM) of Cocconeis. An Annotated Key to the Identification of Commonly Occurring and Dominant Genera of Algae Observed in the Phytoplankton of the United States. ca. 1975. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY ZMISC PALEO\GPE0030 ID. GREESON, P. E. no. 30 SEM of Cyclotella. An Annotated Key to the Identification of Commonly Occurring and Dominant Genera of Algae Observed in the Phytoplankton of the United States. ca. 1975. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY ZMISC PALEO\GPE0032 ID. GREESON, P. E. no. 32 SEM of Epithemia. An Annotated Key to the Identification of Commonly Occurring and Dominant Genera of Algae Observed in the Plytoplankton of the United States. ca. 1975. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY ZMISC PALEO\GPE0035 ID. GREESON, P. E. no. 35 SEM of Melosira. An Annotated Key to the Identification of Commonly Occurring and Dominant of Algae Observed in the Phytoplankton of the United States. ca. 1975. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY ZMISC GEOLOGY\HJB0012 ID. HADLEY, J. B. no. 12 Carolina gneiss. Migmatitic hornblende gneiss. White plagioclase-rich layers intercalated with dark layers of biotite, hornblende, and small plagioclase porphyroblasts. Purchase Knob, eastern Great Smoky Mountains, Dellwood quadrangle, Haywood County, North Carolina. ca. 1950. ZMISC METAMORPHIC ROCKS ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWB0021 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 21 Syncline in weathered shale. Left limb dips gently right, right limb is vertical. Rome formation (Lower Cambrian). Highway 67, 0.5 mile south of village of (new) Butler. Johnson County, Tennessee. September 29, 1953. ZMISC FOLDS ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWB0023 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 23ct The Sinks. Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee. May 1954. ZMISC WATER FALL ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWB0214 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 214ct Grand Canyon reds - late afternoon. East-northeast from near Bright Angel Point. Grand Canyon National Park, Coconono County, Arizona. March 1948. ZMISC CANYONS ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWB0218 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 218ct Grand Canyon, (purples) morning. Northeast from Bright Angel. Grand Canyon National Park, Coconino County, Arizona. March 1948. ZMISC CANYONS ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWB0260 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 260ct Riverside Geyser in eruption, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. July 1957. ZMISC GEYSER VOLCANIC EFFECTS GEOLOGY\HWB0375 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 375ct Schist crinkled by slip cleavage. Salmon River near Race Creek. Riggins quadrangle, Idaho County, Idaho. June 1954. ZMISC METAMORPHIC ROCKS ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWB1730 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 1730ct Wingate sandstone. Jurassic and Triassic sediments Capitol Reef National Monument. Wayne County, Utah. February 1966. ZMISC STRATA ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWB1736 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 1736ct Pedestals of Jurassic sandstone and mudstone. Goblin Valley, San Rafael Swell. Emery County, Utah. February 1966. ZMISC WEATHERING ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWB2094 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 2094ct Pit weathering, Triassic sandstone. Wupatki National Monument, Coconino County, Arizona. August 1951. ZMISC WEATHERING ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWB2643 ID. HAMILTON, W. B. no. 2643ct Differential weathering, contorted quartzite, and limestone, Pelona Ridge. San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles County, California. November 1950. ZMISC WEATHERING ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWR0022 ID. HANSEN, W. R. no. 22 Conglomerate channel-filling deposit, in Wasatch Formation. Man for scale. Daggett County, Utah. n.d. ZMISC CONGLOMERATE ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWR0033 ID. HANSEN, W. R. no. 33ct Rainbow Bridge looking upstream. Rainbow Bridge National Monument. San Juan County, Utah. 1959. ZMISC NATURAL ARCHES ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWR0034 ID. HANSEN, W. R. no. 34ct Rainbow Bridge looking upstream. Rainbow Bridge National Monument. San Juan County, Utah. 1959. ZMISC NATURAL ARCHES ZMISC GEOLOGY\HWR0123 ID. HANSEN, W. R. no. 123 Contorted gneiss, north rim of Black Canyon near Colorado State Highway 92. Contortions caused by flowage under great heat and pressure in the depths of earth's crust. Complicated structures such as these are confined to the Precambrian rocks. Light-colored bands are mostly feldspar and quartz, dark bands are mostly quartz and biotite. Note fountain pen for scale. The Black Canyon of the Gunnison area, Colorado. n.d. ZMISC METAMORPHIC ROCKS ROCKFALL ROCKFALL\HWR0170 ID. HANSEN, W. R. no. 170 Close-up of El Rancho rockfall on Interstate 70. Temporary hazard markers provide scale. Jefferson County, Colorado. May 1973. ZMISC ROCKFALL ROCKFALL ROCKFALL\HWR0173 ID. HANSEN, W. R. no. 173 El Rancho rockfall on Interstate 70, vehicles for scale. Jefferson County, Colorado. May 1973. ZMISC ROCKFALL ROCKFALL ROCKFALL\HWR0174 ID. HANSEN, W. R. no. 174 Rockfall on eastbound lane of Interstate 70, 2 miles west of Bergen Park interchange (El Rancho). Failure was along joints (fractures) and foliation planes (layering) in Precambrian gneiss. Rockfall obstructed all of eastbound land and medium and part of westbound lane before cleanup began. Estimated weight of largest boulders exceeded 200 tons. Jefferson County, Colorado. May 8, 1973. ZMISC ROCKFALL MUDFLOWS MUDFLOW\HWR0179 ID. HANSEN, W. R. no. 179 Debris-mudflow blocking Hogback Road about 1 mile north of Morrison on west side of Dakota hogback. Jefferson County, Colorado. May 7, 1973. ZMISC MUDFLOWS DEBRIS FLOWS MUDFLOW\HWR0181 ID. HANSEN, W. R. no. 181 Small debris slide on eastbound exit ramp of Interstate 70 at Genessee Mountain. Material is loam slope dressing and colluvium. Jefferson County, Colorado. 1973. ZMISC DEBRIS FLOWS SLUMP SLUMP\HWR0182 ID. HANSEN, W. R. no. 182 Small slump in Laramie Formation on Boulder County road 2 miles west of Jefferson County Airport. Over steepened slope and heavy rains triggered failure. Crown of slide is about 20 feet above roadway. Boulder County, Colorado. May 8, 1973. ZMISC SLUMP GLACIATION GEOLOGY\HWB0537 ID. HAWILTON, W. B. no. 537ct Valley glacier, Victoria Dry Valley, McMurdo Sound area, Antarctica. November 1958. ZMISC GLACIATION ZMISC GEOLOGY\HJK0035 ID. HILLERS, J. K. no. 35 El Capitan and the valley bottom. The 3,000 foot cliff is the highest in the Yosemite Valley and one of the highest in the world. The salient is composed throughout of unfractured, massive granite. The gray blotches on the wall at the right are due to masses of diorite that invaded the granite. A pine tree about 100 feet high stands in the niche with overhanging roof a short distance above the bushy slope at the base. Yosemite Valley. ZMISC MONOLITH ZMISC GEOLOGY\HJK0096 ID. HILLERS, J. K. no. 96 Navajo Church, near Fort Wingate. McKinley County, New Mexico. 1885. ZMISC EROSION ZMISC GEOLOGY\HJK0164 ID. HILLERS, J. K. no. 164 Natural Bridge. Rockbridge County, Virginia. n.d. ZMISC NATURAL ARCHES EARTHFLOWS GEOHAZ\HGW0009 ID. HOLMES, G. W. no. 9 Earthflow on northwest shore Lake Schrader in Schrader till; this flow occurred within a 3 day period in August 1958. Canning district, Northern Alaska region, Alaska. ZMISC EARTHFLOWS ZMISC GEOLOGY\HNK0021 ID. HUBER, N. K. no. 21ct Metamorphic rocks highly contorted, as near Spotted Lake. Yosemite National Park. Mariposa County, California. n.d. ZMISC METAMORPHIC ROCKS ZMISC GEOLOGY\HNK0023 ID. HUBER, N. K. no. 23ct Columnar joints in a basalt plug a remnant of a volcanic conduitat "Little Devils Postpile", adjacent to the Tuolumne River west of Tuolumne Meadows. Yosemite National Park. Mariposa County, California. nd. ZMISC COLUMNAR STRUCTURE GLACIATION GLACIAL\HNK0047 ID. HUBER, N. K. no. 47ct Glacial Erratic transported by a glacier and left precariously near Olmsted Point as the ice melted. ZMISC GLACIATION ZMISC GEOLOGY\HNK0050 ID. HUBER, N. K. no. 50 Exfoliation in granite near Shuteye Peak in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Shuteye Peak quadrangle. Madera County, California. n.d. ZMISC EXFOLIATION ZMISC GEOLOGY\HNK0051 ID. HUBER, N. K. no. 51 Exfoliation in granite near Shuteye Peak in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Man for scale. Shuteye Peak quadrangle. Madera County, California. n.d. ZMISC EXFOLIATION AVALANCHE CHUTE AVALANCH\HNK0064 ID. HUBER, N. K. no. 64ct Avalanche Chutes and Talus Cones/N.K. Avalanche chutes and Talus cones in Lee Vining Canyon east of Tioga Pass. Mariposa County, California. 1987. ZMISC AVALANCHE CHUTE ZMISC GEOLOGY\HCB0980 ID. HUNT, C. B. no. 980 Boulder of quartz monzonite (granite) in process of breaking up by exfoliation. Probably the exfoliation is due to hydration that causes some of the minerals to swell. The exfoliated shells are breaking down farther into the coarse grit. Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California. ca. 1960. ZMISC EXFOLIATION EROSION GEOLOGY\HCB0984 ID. HUNT, C. B. no. 984 Detail of desert pavement on surface of old gravel (No. 2 Gravel). The pavement is composed of closely spaced angular stones that are fragments of the large rounded ones that originally comprised the gravel deposit. Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California, ca. 1960. ZMISC EROSION ZMISC GEOLOGY\HCB0985 ID. HUNT, C. B. no. 985 The silt layer under desert pavement on the fans in Death Valley may contain 0.5 to 4.0 percent (by volume) of water soluble salts. The silt underlying the stones is very porous (vesicular) and cracked polygonally apparently because there is enough wetting by dew and rain to cause the silt to swell when wet and later shrink again when dried. Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California. ca. 1960. ZMISC WEATHERING ZMISC GEOLOGY\HCB0986 ID. HUNT, C. B. no. 986 Weathering of desert pavement progresses from below as well as from above. The bottom of this pebble of limestone has been etched by solution, evidently an acid solution. The environment generally is alkaline, but during moist periods there may be sufficient population of microorganisms under the stones to produce an acid film on the undersides of the stones. Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California. ca. 1960. ZMISC WEATHERING ZMISC GEOLOGY\JWH0204 ID. JACKSON, W. H. no. 204 The Liberty Cap. Mammoth Hot Springs Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. 1872. ZMISC GEOTHERMAL EFFECTS ZMISC GEOLOGY\JWH0388 ID. JACKSON, W. H. no. 388 Natural Bridge on Lake Creek, 3 miles above Twin Lakes, formed by a great granite boulder becoming stranded and suspended over a deep, gorge like crevice, under which flows the creek. It is the result of glacial action. Lake County, Colorado. 1873. ZMISC NATURAL ARCHES EROSION GEOLOGY\JWH0648 ID. JACKSON, W. H. no. 648 The Needle Rock (Major Domo), Glen Eyrie, about 1 mile above the Garden of the Gods. Our view is a monolith, some 200 feet in height, and 20 feet in diameter at the base. In the same neighborhood are many other examples of the same peculiar weathering. El Paso County, Colorado. 1872. ZMISC MONOLITH EROSION GEOLOGY\JWH1079 ID. JACKSON, W. H. no. 1079 Natural arch under Castle Rock, near Monument. One side of stereoview. El Paso County, Colorado. 1874. ZMISC NATURAL ARCHES EROSION GEOLOGY\JWH1222 ID. JACKSON, W. H. no. 1222 Eroded sandstones, Monument Park El Paso County, Colorado. 1873. ZMISC EROSION FLOODS LAWNLAKE\JRD0018 ID. JARRETT, R. D. no. 18ct Oblique aerial view looking upstream at west-end of Estes Park at peak flow of flood resulting from failures of LawnLake and Cascade Lake dams. Larimer County, Colorado. July 15, 1982. ZMISC ZMISC FLOODS LAWNLAKE\JRD0019 ID. JARRETT, R. D. no. 19ct Oblique aerial view looking downstream at east end of Estes Park at peak flow of flood resulting from failures of Lawn Lake and Cascade Lake dams. Larimer County, Colorado. July 15, 1982. ZMISC ZMISC ZMISC GEOLOGY\JWP0040 ID. JENNY, W. P. no. 40 View of Standing Rock on Board Camp Creek. The cliff is quartzite interbedded in soft shales. The erosion of the shales has left the quartzite in relief. Arkansas. 1890. ZMISC DIKE MUDFLOWS MUDFLOW\JFO0011 ID. JONES, F. O. no. 11ct Fazenda Creek Valley mudflow at Nilo Pecanha powerplant. Note how mudflow overflowed switchyard into access tunnel as well as filling tailrace channel and tunnel. Brazil. ca 1966. ZMISC MUDFLOWS MUDFLOWS MUDFLOW\JFO0012 ID. JONES, F. O. no. 12ct Tailrace channel of new Fontes power-plant choked by Lajes Creek Valley mudflow, looking upstream. Water at left is spilling over city of Rio de Janeiro's water supply conduit. Foreground spaces below conduit is tailrace channel of old Fontes plant. Brazil. ca. 1966. ZMISC MUDFLOWS MUDFLOWS MUDFLOW\JFO0015 ID. JONES, F. O. no. 15ct Floresta Creek Valley mudflow at the base of the Serra das Araras escarpment. Prior to the disaster, the valley bottom contained a village and a highway construction camp. Several hundred people lost their lives. The mudflow reached a depth of about 12 feet. Brazil. ca. 1966. ZMISC MUDFLOWS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\JFO0109 ID. JONES, F. O. no. 109 Profile of a landslide. Surface of rupture of an ancient landslide in Pleistocene sediments exposed by a recent landslide. Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, (Spokane River) in foreground. Near mouth of Spokane River, Lincoln County, Washington. August 31, 1950. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS DRAINAGE GEOLOGY\LEC0802 ID. LA RUE, E. C. no. 802 The Goosenecks of the San Juan River, entrenched meanders. San Juan County, Utah. n.d. ZMISC DRAINAGE DRAINAGE GEOLOGY\LWT0122 ID. LEE, W. T. no. 122 Crooked creek, near long Valley dam-site, California. 1904. ZMISC DRAINAGE ZMISC GEOLOGY\LWT0222 ID. LEE, W. T. no. 222 Red conglormerate rock in canyon west of Parowan Lake. Iron County, Utah. 1906 ZMISC CONGLOMERATE ZMISC GEOLOGY\LSW0011 ID. LOHMAN, S. W. no. 11cp Grand Canyon, looking southwest from Dead Horse Point toward Island in the Sky on right skyline, Orange Cliffs below and Shafer dome at lower left. San Juan County, Utah. 1974. ZMISC CANYONS ZMISC GEOLOGY\LSW0058 ID. LOHMAN, S. W. no. 58ct (100cp) Partition Arch, viewed southwestward from near Devils Garden trail. Arch frames part of south wall of Salt Valley and, on skyline, mesas south of Moab Valley. Opening is 27.5 feet wide and 26 feet high. A smaller opening to the right measures 8.5 feet wide and 8 feet high. Arches National Park. Grand County, Utah. 1973. ZMISC NATURAL ARCHES ZMISC GEOLOGY\LSW0084 ID. LOHMAN, S. W. no. 84ct "Baby Arch," just southwest of Sheep Rock in Courthouse Towers area. Arches National Park. Grand County, Utah. ZMISC NATURAL ARCHES ZMISC GEOLOGY\LSW0110 ID. LOHMAN, S. W. no. 110cp Red Canyon, looking northeast towared Grand Junction from Red Canyon Overlook. Dark notch at the bottom of the northeast end of the canyon is known as the Gunsight. Linear feature in the Grand Valley beyond is the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. Prominent point near middle of Book Cliffs in Mount Garfield. Battlement and Grand Mesas from left and right skylines respectively. Dark green bush in right foreground is Mormon Tea. Colorado Nation Monument. Mesa County, Colorado. May 28, 1970. ZMISC CANYONS ZMISC GEOLOGY\LSW0115 ID. LOHMAN, S. W. no. 115cp Moab Member of Entrada Sandstone, showing typical steplike weathering. In west arm of Ute Canyon. Moab Member caps and protects overhang of Slick Rock Member. Moab is overlain by unexposed slope of Summerville Formation and lower part of Morrison Formation. Colorado National Monument. Mesa County, Colorado. December 15, 1978. ZMISC WEATHERING ROCKFALL ROCKFALL\LSW0126 ID. LOHMAN, S. W. no. 126cp Fallen Rock, in west arm of Ute Canyon below waterfall, from Fallen Rock Overlook. Note that the sun-facing left side of canyon, containing the fallen rock of Wingate Sandstone, is a vertical cliff; whereas, the shaded right side can be readily climbed. The right side contains a trail near the middle of picture, but it is hidden by vegetation. Colorado National Monument. Mesa County, Colorado. May 28, 1970. ZMISC ROCKFALL ZMISC GEOLOGY\LSW0127 ID. LOHMAN, S. W. no. 127cp Unaweep Canyon, looking southwest from rim of inner gorge cut in hard Proterozoic rocks, just to the right side of first cattle guard on Divide Road, near middle of sec. 16, T. 14 S., R. 100 W., about 5 miles northeast of drainage divide, is just around the corner to the right of the most distant part of the canyon visible. Slope above vertical cliff on right consists of Chinle Formation, Wingate Sandstone, and flat crest visible. Slope above vertical cliff on right consists of Chinle Formation, Wingate Sandstone, and flat crest of Entrada Sandstone (Kayenta Formation is absent). Paved road in canyon is Colorado Highway 141. Mesa County, Colorado. May 26, 1970. ZMISC CANYONS ZMISC GEOLOGY\LSW0136 ID. LOHMAN, S. W. no. 136ct (147cp) South portal of tunnel through Wingate Sandstone, on west side of No Thoroughfare Canyon above east entrance. Colorado National Monument. Mesa County, Colorado. ZMISC STRATA ZMISC GEOLOGY\LJD0025 ID. LOVE, J. D. no. 25 East side of Lankin Dome, a monolith of Precambrian granite. Top of peak is 1,400 feet above flat in foreground, which is underlain by Moonstone Formation. Accordant knobs comprising foothills of peak probably represent upper limit of burial of Granite Mountains during Pliocene time when the abrupt break in slope at base of Lankin Dome formed. Exhumed topography is virtually unmodified. Smooth vegetated stripe extending over hill at left marks Precambrian mafic dike, which cuts granite. Fremont County, Wyoming. ca. 1960. ZMISC MONOLITH GLACIATION GEOLOGY\MHE0062 ID. MALDE, H. E. no. 62 Saskatchewan Glacier, a tongue of the Columbia Ice Field, from Parker Ridge, southeast of Mt. Athabaska. Province of Alberta, Canada. August 2, 1954. ZMISC GLACIER DEPOSITION GEOLOGY\MHE0271 ID. MALDE, H. E. no. 271 Close view of cross-beds in coarse sand of fluviatile facies of Glenns Ferry fm (late Pliocene), exposed near top of road cut of U. S. 30, NE SW sec. 31, T. 5 S., R.9 E., about 1 1/2 miles E. of Hammett. Larger grains consist of pea-sized pumice. Elmore County, Idaho. September 11, 1960. ZMISC DEPOSITION DEPOSITION GEOLOGY\MHE0455 ID. MALDE, H. E. no. 455 View of the gravel fans rising from the edge of the salt-pan to the foot of the Panamint Range at the mouth of Hanaupah Canyon. The youngest gravels, the light colored areas on the fans, are along the present washes and are important areas of recharge by floods issuing onto the fans from the mountains. The older gravels, stained dark with desert varnish, form terraces and are capped by desert pavement; these gravels favor run-off. The snow-capped peak is Telescope Peak, altitude 11,049 feet, the highest point on the rim of the hydrologic basin. Foreground is 260 feet below sea level. Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California. ca. 1960. ZMISC DEPOSITION FLOOD EFFECTS FLOODPLN\MHE0536 ID. MALDE, H. E. no. 536ct Grassy channel and flood plain of Lance Creek with adjacent cultivated Lightning terrace. Creek runs through center of view. 2500' N., 2100' E., SW cor. sec. 28, T.35 N., R. 65 W. Flat Top quadrangle. Niobrara County, Wyoming. June 12, 1981. (4" x 5" color transparency) ZMISC FLOOD EFFECTS FLOOD EFFECTS FLOODPLN\MHE0551 ID. MALDE, H. E. no. 551ct Upstream view of Lance Creek from Kaycee Lightning terrace that is flooded about every 10 years. 2500' S., 650' E., NW cor. sec. 36, T. 37 N., R. 65 W. Funny Rock quadrangle. Niobrara County, Wyoming. June 25, 1981. (4" x 5" color transparency) ZMISC FLOOD EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0137 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 137ct TIME LAPSE SERIES-1. Friends Street slide, Potrero Canyon. Landslide scarp, house is 15263 Friends Street. Note broken and offset foundation. View to north. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. August 25, 1954. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0140 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 140ct TIME LAPSE SERIES-2. Friends Street slide, Potrero Canyon. Landslide scarp, house is 15263 Friends Street. Note broken foundation tilted back toward scarp. View to north. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. December 12, 1955. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0156 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 156ct TIME LAPSE SERIES-3. Friends Street slide, Potrero Canyon. Near view showing detail of street damage and overhanging corner of 15263 Friends Street. View north-northeast. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. April 11, 1969. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0187 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 187ct DePauw Street slide, middle Potrero Canyon. Detail, overhanging rear of house at 15205 DePauw Street. View to south. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. November 18, 1955. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0193 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 193ct TIME LAPSE SERIES-1 DePauw Street slide, middle Potrero Canyon. Landslide on west side of canyon at 15205 DePauw Street. Terrace gravels on Pliocene siltstone. House overhangs landslide area and garage intact. View to northwest. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. February 1, 1956. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0194 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 194ct TIME LAPSE SERIES-2 DePauw Street slide, middle Potrero Canyon. Landslide on west side of canyon at 15205 DePauw Street. Terrace gravels on Pliocene siltstone. Garage at 15209 DePauw Street has been torn down except for slab. Note seepage at base of terrace deposits. View to northwest. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. November 2, 1956. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0195 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 195ct TIME LAPSE SERIES-3 DePauw Street slide, middle Potrero Canyon. Landslide at 15205 DePauw Street. Terrace gravels on Pliocene siltstone. Overhanging wing of house has been demolished. View to northwest. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. November 21, 1957. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0196 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 196ct TIME LAPSE SERIES-4 DePauw Street slide, middle Potrero Canyon. Landslide at 15205 DePauw Street, viewed from vicinity of Alma Real and Camarosa. View to northwest. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. February 28, 1958. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0197 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 197ct TIME LAPSE SERIES-5 DePauw Street slide, middle Potrero Canyon. Landslide at 15205 DePauw Street; one wing of house partially destroyed, view to northwest. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. April 8, 1958. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0198 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 198ct TIME LAPSE SERIES-6 Depauw Street slide, middle Potrero Canyon. Landslide vicinity 15202 DePauw Street. House completely gone. Red-brown gravel/white marine sand/Pliocene siltstone. Note seepages. View to northwest. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. June 6, 1958. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0299 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 299ct Via de las Olas Palisades, west end. Landslide of February 3, 1956 start of cleanup. View from east end of Via de las Olas. View to northwest. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. February 4, 1956. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0317 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 317ct Via de las Olas Palisades, west end. Slide of March 27, 1958, which occurred at 6:50 a. m. Raining. Isetta car on beach at toe of slide. This view taken at 11:15 a. m. View toward west-northwest, from a distance. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. March 27, 1958. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0319 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 319ct Via de las Olas Palisades, west end. Slide of March 27, 1958, which occurred about 6:50 a. m. This view taken at 12:15 a. m. from top of slide. Damaged Isetta car on beach at left. Beginning cleanup. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. March 27, 1958. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\MJT0516 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 516ct Santa Ynez Canyon. Enchanted Way landslide. Damaged house and pool 705 Enchanted Way. View to west. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. August 18, 1959. ZMISC LANDSLIDE EFFECTS MUDFLOWS MUDFLOW\MJT0624 ID. MCGILL, J. T. no. 624ct Castle Rock. Mudflow of March 11, 1960, at 17948 Porto Marina Way. View to north. Pacific Palisades area. Los Angeles County, California. April 7, 1960. ZMISC MUDFLOWS ZMISC GEOLOGY\MRG0138 ID. MCGIMSEY, R. G. no. 138ct Stromatolites in the Helena Formation along the Highline Trail, Glacier National Park. Flathead County, Montana. July 4, 1979. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY ZMISC GEOLOGY\MJK0008 ID. MCGREGOR, JOSEPH K. Collection no. 8ct View of tilted strata of the Dakota exposed in I-70 road cut through Dakota hogback. From left to right: Ralston Creek and Morrison Formations overlaid by the Dakota Group consisting of the South Platte Formation and Lytle Formation. Jefferson County, Colorado. 1989. ZMISC STRATA ZMISC GEOLOGY\MED0118 ID. MCKEE, E. D. no. 118ct Ripples in sand. Sierra Rosario, Mexico. ZMISC RIPPLE MARKS ZMISC GEOLOGY\MED0229 ID. MCKEE, E. D. no. 229ct Scenic view of one of the Mittens. Monument Valley. Navajo County, Arizona. 1972. ZMISC EROSION ZMISC PALEO\MED0310 ID. MCKEE, E. D. no. 310 Scanning electron photomicrograph (SEM) of Supai Group clay minerals. Kaolinite; Prospect Valley, Wescogame Formation; x 8000. Scale at bottom. Coconino County, Arizona. n.d. ZMISC MINERALOGY ZMISC PALEO\MED0376 ID. MCKEE, E. D. no. 376ct Man pointing to dinosaur tracks east of Moenkopi. Coconino County, Arizona. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY EROSION GEOLOGY\MED0378 ID. MCKEE, E. D. no. 378ct The Chessman - the results of erosion. Bryce Canyon National Park. Utah. n.d. ZMISC EROSION ZMISC GEOLOGY\MED0905 ID. MCKEE, E. D. no. 905ct Salt polygons, Sabkha, south of Dhahran. Saudi Arabia. 1979. ZMISC POLYGONS SLUMP SLUMP\MED0923 ID. MCKEE, E. D. no. 923ct Slump marks on transverse dune; geologist in foreground for scale. White Sands National Monument. Dona Ana and Otero Counties, New Mexico. 1962. ZMISC SLUMP SLUMP SLUMP\MED0929 ID. MCKEE, E. D. no. 929ct Slump lines on side of dune, Namib Desert. South West Africa. n.d. ZMISC SLUMP DRAINAGE GEOLOGY\MTG0007 ID. MCLAUGHLIN, T. G. no. 7 Well developed dendritic drainage pattern on the soft rocks of the Ogallala formation near the edge of its outcrop where stream gradients are steep. Baca County, Colorado. n.d. ZMISC DRAINAGE CREEP CREEP\MFH0076 ID. MOFFIT, F. H. no. 76 Creep in slates. West shore of Resurrection Bay. Alaska. ZMISC CREEP SINKHOLES SINKHOLE\MWH0029 ID. MONROE, W. H. no. 29ct Aerial view from southwest of Tres Pueblos sink, a large collapse doline on Rio Camuy at intersection of Municipios of Hatillo, Camuy, and Lares. The exit of Rio Camuy is on farther side of doline. Bayaney quadrangle. Bayaney, Puerto Rico. March 27, 1967. ZMISC SINKHOLE ZMISC MSH\MSHZ0042 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS PP 1250 no. 42 SEM photograph of a botryoidal, non-crystalline hydrate of S, Al, Cl, and Fe showing concentric dehydration cracks (Sample MSH 7-1-80-8B). This material forms abundant yellow encrustations around fumaroles in the debris avalanche. Skamania County, Washington. July 1, 1980. ZMISC FUMAROLE ZMISC MSH\MSHZ0044 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS PP 1250 no. 44 SEM photograph of a group of gypsum crystals. (sample MSH 7-1-80-8B). Clear to pale-yellow crystal groups of this type form on the darker yellow material shown in photo no. 42. Skamania County, Washington. July 1, 1980. ZMISC MINERALOGY ZMISC MSH\MSHZ0127 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS PP 1250 no. 127 SEM image of abraded pumiceous shards and feldspar in tephra from the May 18 eruption. Sample collected in Yakima. Yakima County, Washington. ZMISC MINERALOGY ZMISC MSH\MSHZ0128 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS PP 1250 no. 128 SEM image of chabezite and smectite (magnesium-iron saponite) in an altered clast collected from the debris-avalanche deposit. Washington. 1980. ZMISC MINERALOGY ZMISC MSH\MSHZ0130 ID. MOUNT ST. HELENS PP 1250 no. 130 Interior of pumice clast collected in Yakima on May 18. Scanning electron microscope images of pumiceous material from the May 18, 1980 eruption. Yakima County, Washington, May 18, 1980. ZMISC MINERALOGY VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION MSH\MSH0109 ID. MSH-JULY 22, 1980 ERUPTION no. 109ct Sunset reflected on July 22 ash plume drifting toward northeast, at 20:51:12 hours (PDT). Skamania County, Washington. ZMISC ZMISC VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION MSH\MSHP0001 ID. MSH-POST, A. no. 1ct Aerial view of eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano from the south. Skamania County, Washington. May 18, 1980. ZMISC ZMISC VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION MSH\MSHR0035 ID. MSH-ROSENBAUM, J. no. 35ct Aerial view of eruption looking east at 2:44 p.m. Skamania County, Washington. May 18, 1980. ZMISC ZMISC ZMISC GEOLOGY\MMR0369 ID. MUDGE, M. R. no. 369ct View northwest of south end of Scapegoat Mountain; shows folds in strata. Scapegoat Wilderness. Lewis and Clark County, Montana. 1970. ZMISC FOLDS ZMISC GEOLOGY\MMR0428 ID. MUDGE, M. R. no. 428ct View in railroad cut, about 3 miles west of East Glacier Park. Drag fold in Kootenai Formation. Ponders County, Montana. August 1976. ZMISC FOLDS ZMISC GEOLOGY\ORB0034 ID. O'SULLIVAN, R.B. no. 34 Northeast wall of Black Mesa Southwestward view of Cretaceous exposures west of Rough Rock, Dakota Sandstone, Mancos Shale, Toreva Formation, Wepo Formation, and Yake Point Sandstone. Slope in freground is formed by the Morrison Formation, Apache County, Arizona, 1955. ZMISC MESA PERMAFROST EFFECTS PERMFRST\PTL0038 ID. PEWE, T. L. no. 38ct Tilted poles on Northway access road. Yukon region Alaska. July 20, 1949. ZMISC PERMAFROST EFFECTS PERMAFROST EFFECTS PERMFRST\PTL0039 ID. PEWE, T. L. no. 39ct Sagging of motor pool garage, from thawing permafrost. Northway, Yukon region, Alaska. August 10, 1949. ZMISC PERMAFROST EFFECTS PERMAFROST EFFECTS PERMFRST\PTL0048 ID. PEWE, T. L. no. 48ct Note addition placed above permafrost slumped foundation. Near University of Alaska. Alaska. July 2, 1949. ZMISC PERMAFROST EFFECTS ZMISC GEOLOGY\PTL0844 ID. PEWE, T. L. no. 844 Oblique aerial photograph of clouds of silt transported by wind from the Delta River flood plain. View looking north. Donnelly district, Yukon region Alaska. 1948 (Photo by U.S. Navy). ZMISC DRAINAGE ZMISC GEOLOGY\PTL0845 ID. PEWE, T. L. no. 845 Oblique summer aerial view of raised edge ice wedge polygons on the northern Alaskan sea coast near Barrow. Diameters of polygons are 7-15 m. Barrow district, Northern Alaska region, Alaska. August 11, 1966. ZMISC POLYGONS ZMISC GEOLOGY\PWG0381 ID. PIERCE, W. G. no. 381 Cross sectional view of the South Sunshine anticline looking south across Gooseberryy Creek from center of SE 1/4, Sec. 4. T. 46 N, R. 101 W. The oldest formation exposed is Morrison. The Cloverly formation forms the prominent scarps which outline the anticline. The peaks on the skyline are of volcanic rock. Park County, Wyoming. September 1935. ZMISC FOLDS DEBRIS FLOWS GEOHAZ\RDH0018 ID. RADBURCH-HALL, D. H. no. 18 Recent debris flow on one edge of a fan constructed by many such flows in the past. Cunningham Gulch, San Juan Mountains. San Juan County, Colorado. n.d. ZMISC DEBRIS FLOWS GLACIATION GEOLOGY\RJC0596 ID. REED, J. C. no. 596 Basaltic dike cutting massive limestone on one of Robber Islands. Note glacial groves and strike. Wales, Southeastern Alaska. August 21, 1940. ZMISC DIKE EROSION GEOLOGY\RCP1337 ID. ROSS, C. P. no. 1337 Minor folds in brazer limestone, emphasized by differential erosion. Below 10,525, near Swanger Lakes. Borah Peak Quadrangle, Custer County, Idaho. August 1936 ZMISC EROSION ASBESTOS ASBESTOS\ROSS0001 ID. ROSS, M. no. 1ct Sources of asbestos fibers in ambient air include natural rock. View of warning sign which reads: "Caution Soils dust and water in this area contain asbestos which could be hazardous to health". Rock outcrops near this part north of Coalinga have been estimated to contain up to 50% short fibered chrysotile asbestos. Fresno County, California, n. d. ZMISC ASBESTOS FLOODS FLOOD\SKA0004 ID. SARGENT, K. A. no. 4ct Flash flood on Twenty-five Mile Wash on Hole-in-the-Rock Road. Maximum water depth approximately 8 ft. Rain causing this flood fell 68 mi west (left) on Fifty-mile Mountain. Environmental Geologic Studies of the Kaiparowits Coal Basin Area. Garfield County, Utah. September 1977. ZMISC ZMISC ZMISC PALEO\SDL0003 ID. SCHMIDT, D. L. no. 3ct Fossil Glossopteris leaf associated with coal deposits and derived from glossopterid forests of Permian age. Polarstar Peak. Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains. Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. 1965. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY EROSION GEOLOGY\SK0554 ID. SEGERSTROM, K. no. 554 Outcrop of granite that has been undercut by the abrasive action of windblown sand, Llano deCaldera, Atacama Province, Chile. n.d. ZMISC EROSION EROSION GEOLOGY\SK0555 ID. SEGERSTROM, K. no. 555 Exfoliated block of granite that has been hollowed out by abrasive action of windblown sand, Llanode Caldera. Atacama Province, Chile. n.d. ZMISC EROSION ZMISC CREEP\SPS0099 ID. SMITH, P. S. no. 99 Solifluction lobes. These lobe-like-sheets of soil and rock probably move downslope by creep. Nome district, Seward Peninsula region, Alaska. Before 1910. ZMISC CREEP ZMISC GEOLOGY\SJR0565 ID. STACY, J. R. no. 565 Polygonal pattern in salt crust on flood plain northeast of Cottonball Flat. The veins of salt that developed in the cracks are high enough to form ramparts that pond water within the polygons, and a layer of salt extends across the surface between the ramparts. Death Valley, Inyo County, California. January 1957. ZMISC POLYGONS ZMISC GEOLOGY\SJR0579 ID. STACY, J. R. no. 579 Pegmatite dike in Precambrian gneiss in Bear Creek Canyon. Jefferson County, Colorado. October 16, 1966. ZMISC DIKE ZMISC GEOLOGY\SJR0581 ID. STACY, J. R. no. 581 Fossil footprint on the Dakota Sandstone. Coin for scale. Jefferson County, Colorado. October 16, 1966. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY VOLCANIC EFFECTS GEOLOGY\SHT0578 ID. STEARNS, H. T. no. 578 Ropy lava surface of pahoehoe about 1/2 mile northeast of Surprise Cave. Craters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho. October 6, 1926. ZMISC LAVA (ROPY) CREEP CREEP\SGW0329 ID. STOSE, G. W. no. 329 Creep in vertical Romney shale in Western Maryland Railroad cut 1 mile west of Great Cacapon. Washington County, Maryland. n.d. ZMISC CREEP EROSION GEOLOGY\SGW0771 ID. STOSE, G. W. no. 771 Quaternary terrace deposits resting uncomformably on eroded edges of Monterey shale, on the coast between Pismo and Port Harford. The contact is a wave cut plain. Rain sculpture is well shown in the soft terrace gravels. San Luis quadrangle, San Luis Obispo County California. ca. 1900. ZMISC EROSION ZMISC GEOLOGY\TDE0012 ID. TRIMBLE, D. E. 12ct Devils Tower, an igneous intrusive body exposed by erosion. Devils Tower National Monument. Crook County, Wyoming. n.d. ZMISC COLUMNAR STRUCTURE ZMISC PALEO\USGS0036 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 36 A SEM of an important microfossil: A platelet from a planktic calcaerous alga subspecies, Pemma basquense basquense. n.d. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY ZMISC PALEO\USGS0037 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 37 A SEM of an important microfossil: An ostracode (a microscopic crustacean) female of Acetoleberis plummeri. n.d. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY ZMISC PALEO\USGS0038 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 38 A SEM of an important microfossil: A foraminifer (shelled protozoan), Guembelitria cretacea. n.d. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY SINKHOLES SINKHOLE\USGS0039 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 39ct General view of water level in chimney, Winter Park sinkhole; approximately 6:00 P. M., view to the east. Orange County, Florida. May 9, 1981. ZMISC SINKHOLE VOLCANOES IN ERUPTION VOLCANO\USGS0072 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 72ct View of lightning strikes during the eruption of Galunggung Volcano. West Java, Indonesia. December 3, 1982. ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS SINKHOLES SINKHOLE\USGS0139 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 139 Home lost in land collapse. Sinkhole that formed was 520 feet long, 125 feet wide, and 60 feet deep. Bartow, Polk County, Florida. May 22, 1967. ZMISC SINKHOLE SINKHOLES SINKHOLE\USGS0140 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 140 Possibly the nation's largest recent sinkhole - the "December Giant" measuring 425 feet long, 350 feet wide and 150 feet deep - formed in central Alabama. USGS scientists have joined State officials in mapping and monitoring the growing sinkhole problems of central and northern Alabama. Shelby County, Alabama. December 2, 1972. ZMISC SINKHOLE ZMISC GEOLOGY\USGS0171 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 171 Dramatic view of Spider Rock, a monolith composed of the De Chelly Sandstone of Permian age. Canyon de Chelly National Monument. Apache County, Arizona. ZMISC MONOLITH GLACIATION GEOLOGY\USGS0425 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 425 Oblique aerial view of folds in the Malaspina Glacier; Mt. St. Elias and St. Elias Mountains in the background. The scale of folding in the glacier is in miles. Yakutat district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. August 25, 1969. ZMISC GLACIER ZMISC PALEO\USGS0543 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 543 SEM of fragment of a scale bearing primitive jawless fish given the name Anatolepis collected from Wahwah Limestone (rocks about 500 to 470 million years old). The specimen in photo is about 0.5 millimeters long (about 0.02 of an inch) Utah. ca. 1978. ZMISC PALEONTOLOGY ZMISC GEOLOGY\USGS0544 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 544 Oblique aerial view of Hubbard Glacier, including terminus and medial moraines, with St. Elias Mountains in the background. Yakutat district, Alaska Gulf region, Alaska. ca. 1978. ZMISC GLACIER ASBESTOS ASBESTOS\USGS0609 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 609 Highly magnified view of one of the three common types of commercially mined asbestos, produced using a scanning electron microscope in the analytical laboratories of the USGS in Reston, Virginia. The sinuous asbestos fibers in this view are the mineral chrysotile, or "white" asbestos. The fibers, many less than 0.00004 inches thick, are from a mining area near Globe. About 95 percent of the commercial asbestos now used in the U.S. is chrysotile, of which about 90 percent is imported from Canada. Asbestos is a commercial term applied to several highly fibrous silicate minerals that readily separate into long, thin, strong and flexible fibers. Gila County, Arizona. ca. 1980. ZMISC ASBESTOS ASBESTOS ASBESTOS\USGS0610 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 610 Highly magnified view of one of the three common types of commercially mined asbestos, produced using a scanning electron microscope in the analytical laboratories of the USGS. The needle-like fibers in this view are the mineral corcidolite, or "blue" asbestos. The fibers, many less than 0.00004 inches thick are from Cape Province, South Africa. Blue asbestos has been mined only in South Africa, Western Australia and Bolivia; only the South African mines are still active. Asbestos is a commercial term applied to several highly fibrous silicate minerals that readily separate into long, thin, strong and flexible fibers. South Africa. ca. 1980. ZMISC ASBESTOS EQ ENGINEERING EQENG\USGS0749 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 749 Changes to Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Building 50 complex to bring it up to today's earthquake safety standards included removal of the concrete "eyebrows" over the windows and the addition of heavy buttressing at the east end of the wings. Alameda County, California. n.d. ZMISC ZMISC EQ ENGINEERING EQENG\USGS0750 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 750 Earthquake hazard reduction to Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory central storeroom included giant X braces to provide lateral force resistance. Alameda County, California. n.d. ZMISC ZMISC EQ ENGINEERING EQENG\USGS0751 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 751 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Building 311 as originally constructed under 1961 Uniform Building Code. See USGS no. 752 for changes. Alameda County, California. n.d. ZMISC ZMISC EQ ENGINEERING EQENG\USGS0752 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 752 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Building 311 structurally upgraded to existing code. The added concrete buttresses are anchored to the ground by means of 30 x 40 foot concrete piers and are attached to the building's second floor and to the roof. See USGS no. 751 for original design. Alameda County, California. n.d. ZMISC ZMISC ZMISC EQINFO\USGS0763 ID. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY no. 763 Seismologist Henry Spall checks seismograph records from stations in the U.S. seismic network. National Earthquake Information Service. Golden, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1981. ZMISC SEISMOMETRY ZMISC EQINFO\HVO0141 ID. USGS/HVO no. 141 Sample of Desert seismogram illustrating swarm of deep earthquakes beneath the summit of Kilauea. Several thousand small earthquakes were accompanied by intervals of continuous tremors. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. August 16, 1959. ZMISC SEISMOMETRY ZMISC EQINFO\HVO0144 ID. USGS/HVO no. 144 Uwekahuna (short-period) seismogram illustrating (upper part) 5-hour long swarm of earthquakes that preceded the 1959 outbreak. The swarm gave way to strong harmonic tremor when fountaining began. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. November 14, 1959. ZMISC SEISMOMETRY ZMISC EQINFO\HVO0147 ID. USGS/HVO no. 147 Strong harmonic tremor recorded on Outlet seismograph during third phase of the 1959 eruption. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. November 29, 1959. ZMISC SEISMOMETRY ZMISC HAWAIIVL\HVO0225 ID. USGS/HVO no. 225 View of lava tube about 1 m wide in wall of summit crater of Mauna Ulu. Such tubes may be reactivated as lava rises within vent and spills into tube. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. August 1971. ZMISC LAVA TUBE SUBSIDENCE EFFECTS ESOIL\VHR0072 ID. VAN HORN, R. no. 72ct Structural distress, of brick residence, caused by expansive soil. Golden. Jefferson County, Colorado. January 1971. ZMISC SUBSIDENCE EFFECTS LANDSLIDE EFFECTS LANDSLID\VHR0129 ID. VAN HORN, R. no. 129ct Gros Ventre slide of June 23, 1925, northeast of Jackson. U. S. Forest Service plaque in foreground. Teton County, Wyoming. August 1963. ZMISC LANDSLIDE LANDSLIDE LANDSLID\VHR0132 ID. VAN HORN, R. no. 132ct Madison River slide, Madison dolomite buttress at right. Note construction equipment on and near slide for scale. Madison County, Montana. September 16, 1959. ZMISC LANDSLIDE MUDFLOWS GEOLOGY\VHR0228 ID. VAN HORN, R. no. 228ct Panorama of Fort Douglas mudflow riding 8 feet up on outside of bend, Quarry Canyon. See also Van Horn, R. 229ct. Sec. 36, T. 1 N., R. 1 E. Salt Lake County, Utah. May 24, 1975. ZMISC MUDFLOWS MUDFLOWS GEOLOGY\VHR0229 ID. VAN HORN, R. no. 229ct Panorama of Fort Douglas mudflow riding 8 feet up on outside of bend, Quarry Canyon. See also Van Horn, R. 228ct. Sec. 36, T. 1 N., R. 1 E. Salt Lake County, Utah. May 24, 1975. ZMISC MUDFLOWS MUDFLOW EFFECTS GEOLOGY\VHR0232 ID. VAN HORN, R. no. 232ct Channel eroded an estimated 7 feet to bedrock by Ft. Douglas mudflow. Quarry Canyon. Sec. 36, T. 1 N., R. 1 E. Salt Lake County, Utah. May 24, 1975. ZMISC MUDFLOWS SUBSIDENCE EFFECTS SUBSIDE\VHR0235 ID. VAN HORN, R. no. 235ct Close up view of waves in brick courses, Newhouse Hotel, caused by subsidence. Salt Lake County, Utah. April 7, 1970. ZMISC SUBSIDENCE EFFECTS SUBSIDENCE EFFECTS SUBSIDE\VHR0238 ID. VAN HORN, R. no. 238ct View of waves in brick courses of Newhouse Hotel, Main and 4th S. St., Salt Lake City, caused by subsidence. Salt Lake County, Utah. April 7, 1970. ZMISC SUBSIDENCE EFFECTS ROCK SLIDES ROCKSLID\VHR0275 ID. VAN HORN, R. no. 275ct Over all view of rock slide on Interstate highway 80 in Echo Canyon, locality S224, SW 1/4, NW1/4 sec 10, T 3 N., R. 5 E. Henefer quadrangle. Trucks on highway for scale. Summit County, Utah. May 12, 1968. ZMISC ROCK SLIDES ROCK SLIDES ROCKSLID\VHR0278 ID. VAN HORN, R. no. 278ct Distant view of east face of toe of rock slide on Interstate highway 80 in Echo Canyon, locality S224, SW 1/4, NW 1/4 sec10, T 3 N., R. 5 E. Henefer quadrangle. Summit County, Utah. May 12, 1968. ZMISC ROCK SLIDES GLACIATION GEOLOGY\VJW0026 ID. VANDERWILT, J. W. no. 26 Glacial grooves in Devonian dolomite in Yule Creek a little east of the Yule Colorado Quarry. Gunnison County, Colorado. 1937. ZMISC GLACIATION ZMISC GEOLOGY\WCD0328D ID. WALCOTT, C. D. no. 328d Inner portion of anticlinal arch of fold in sandstones and shales, near base of Upper Silurian; C.& O. Canal, 3 miles west of Hancock, Washington Co., Md. Robert Brides standing in arch. May, 1897. ZMISC FOLDS ZMISC GEOLOGY\WCD0328E ID. WALCOTT, C. D. no. 328e Inner portion of anticlinal arch of fold in sandstones and shales, near base of Upper Silurian; C.& O. Canal, 3 miles west of Hancock, Washington Co., Md. Boatman on crest of arch. May, 1897. ZMISC FOLDS TECTONICS FAULT\WRE0014 ID. WALLACE, R. E. no. 14ct Oblique aerial view northeast across the San Andreas fault showing several offset stream channels. Main channel in middle of picture is offset about 130 meters. Channel at left or near side of fault is offset 380 meters from upstream segment and is beheaded. Carrizo Plain area. Sec. 33, T. 30 S., R. 20 E. San Luis Obispo County, California. n. d. 1983. ZMISC FAULTS TECTONICS FAULT\WRE0022 ID. WALLACE, R. E. no. 22ct Oblique aerial view of lineament and scarplet along the San Andreas fault showing uplifted block on right giving way touplifted block on left in the distance. View to northwest. Carrizo Plain. Sec. 2, T. 31 S., R. 20 E. San Luis Obispo County, California. n. d. ZMISC FAULTS TECTONICS FAULT\WRE0032 ID. WALLACE, R. E. no. 32ct Oblique aerial view southwest, valley deeply eroded along the San Andreas fault. The downstream segment of the channel on west side (far side) of fault has been displaced a kilometer or more from the upstream segment (left out of view). Carrizo Plain. Sec. 19, T.32 S., R. 22 E. San Luis Obispo County, California, n. d. ZMISC FAULTS TECTONICS FAULT\WRE0034 ID. WALLACE, R. E. no. 34ct Oblique aerial view southeast along the San Andreas (fault) zone. A linear valley has been eroded along the main trace of the fault. Black line at right is not a fault but a fence line against which tumbleweed has collected. Carrizo Plain. Sec. 19, T. 32 S., R. 22E. San Luis Obispo County, California. n. d. ZMISC FAULTS ZMISC GEOLOGY\WEIS0003 ID. WEIS, P. no. 3ct Lookout Mountain Missoula. Showing wavecut shorelines of glacial Lake Missoula on Sentinal Mountain. The lake once had a depth of 950 feet where the University of Montana stadium now stands. Missoula County. Montana. n.d. ZMISC GLACIATION ZMISC GEOLOGY\WEIS0007 ID. WEIS, P. no. 7ct Ground view of Palouse Falls. Whitman County, Washington. ca. 1970. ZMISC WATER FALL ZMISC GEOLOGY\WEIS0019 ID. WEIS, P. no. 19ct Oblique aerial view of giant ripple marks at Newman Lake. Spokane County, Washington ca. 1970. ZMISC RIPPLE MARKS ZMISC GEOLOGY\WEIS0022 ID. WEIS, P. no. 22ct Oblique aerial view of giant ripple marks near Delta. Shoshone County, Idaho. ca. 1970. ZMISC RIPPLE MARKS ZMISC GEOLOGY\WEIS0025 ID. WEIS, P. no. 25ct Oblique aerial view of giant ripple marks. Montana. ca. 1970. ZMISC RIPPLE MARKS ZMISC GEOLOGY\WEIS0032 ID. WEIS, P. no. 32ct View of Titon Valley, Columnar Besalt Flows. Yakama County, Washington, 1970. ZMISC COLUMNAR STRUCTURE EROSION GEOLOGY\WCK0632 ID. WENTWORTH, C. K. no. 632 Potholes in granite ledges in James, River. Loc. 1606. 1926. ZMISC POTHOLES ZMISC GEOLOGY\WDE0015 ID. WHITE, D. E. no. 15 Explosive burst just breaking surface pool of Seismic Geyser with water level below level of discharge. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. May 30, 1966. ZMISC GEYSER ZMISC GEOLOGY\WDE0019 ID. WHITE, D. E. no. 19ct Echinus Geyser erupting acid S04CI water, common in Norris Basin but rare in most geyser areas of the world. Norris Geyser Basin. Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming. August 1979. ZMISC GEYSER ZMISC GEOLOGY\WDE0057 ID. WHITE, D. E. no. 57ct Accumulated frozen spray about 4m thick from Africa Geyser, melting mainly from base upward due to high near surface heat flow in Porcelain Basin. Note basal discontinuity of snow layering and partial melting of layers adjacent to warm stream. Norris Geyser Basin. Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming. April 1979. ZMISC GEOTHERMAL EFFECTS VOLCANOES GEOLOGY\WRE0262 ID. WILCOX, R. E. no. 262ct Paracho Paracho Valley from Cheran. Cindercone in middle ground, Michoacan, Mexico. September 8, 1948. ZMISC CINDERCONE BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIERI\WSJ0014 ID. WILLIAMS, S. J. no. 14ct The heavily engineered Chicago shoreline is vulnerable to damage from Lake Michigan. Cook County, Illinois. ZMISC BARRIER ISLANDS DEPOSITION BARRIERI\WSJ0018 ID. WILLIAMS, S. J. no. 18ct A groin has trapped sand on the updrift side, but the downdrift beach is starved of sand at Manasquan, New Jersey. ZMISC BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIERI\WSJ0019 ID. WILLIAMS, S. J. no. 19ct A series of groins interrupts the natural transport of sand by longshore currents at Norfolk, Virginia. ZMISC BARRIER ISLANDS DEPOSITION BARRIERI\WSJ0020 ID. WILLIAMS, S. J. no. 20ct Fragile wetlands are easily damaged by salt water that invades canals dredged for navigation and oil exploration. United States. ZMISC BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIERI\WSJ0022 ID. WILLIAMS, S. J. no. 22ct Oblique view of the highly developed barrier beach at Ocean City. The dunes that once protected the island have been removed to improve the view, and the tall apartment buildings are so close to the water's edge that the beach is shadowed by mid-afternoon. Many of these buildings were damaged by flooding immediately after their contruction. Beach replenishment along Fenwick Island in 1988 and 1990 by Maryland and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is designed to provide some temporary protection to the buildings land to increase the recreational value to the beach. Maryland. 1990. ZMISC BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS BARRIERI\WSJ0026 ID. WILLIAMS, S. J. no. 26ct Damage by hurricane Hugo to South Carolina's Isle of Palms and Sullivan's Island underscores the need for knowledge of beach and storm processes in order to protect lives and property. ZMISC BARRIER ISLANDS ZMISC GEOLOGY\WIJ0047 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 47cp Exposure of conglomerate in the Colton Formation at the southern end of the hogback north of ancestral Willow Creek. Beds areal most vertical. Exposure is in the NW 1/4. sec. 3, T. 21 S., R. 1 E. Sevier County, Utah. Spring 1980. ZMISC CONGLOMERATE VOLCANIC EFFECTS GEOLOGY\WIJ0133 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 133 Looking east at Agathla volcanic neck. The road in the foreground is Navajo Indian Reservation Route 1. Note the crude bedding in the main mass of the volcanic neck. Monument Valley, Navajo County, Arizona. ca. 1952. ZMISC VOLCANIC EFFECTS SLICKENSIDE SLICKSID\WIJ0166 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 166cp Slickensides along the Wasatch fault scarp exposed near Nephi. Hammer for scale. Juan County, Utah. Spring 1983. ZMISC SLICKENSIDE LANDSLIDE LANDSLID\WIJ0177 ID. WITKIND, I. J. no. 177cp Toe of slide gradually being thickened to form earthfilled dam. Area to the left of toe of the slide is buttress formed by the Nugget Sandstone and the Twin Creek Limestone. Note beginning of railroad tunnel at lower left center. Just to right of railroad tunnel, near top of dam, is part of spillway tunnel designed to prevent lake from rising above the level of the dam. This spillway tunnel, which here appears as a small black spot, is 12 feet in diameter. Thistle slide of April 1983. Utah County, Utah. Spring 1983. ZMISC LANDSLIDE