English Synonyms and Antonyms

occasion illustrated by the fall of an avalanche? 3. And the antonyms consequence? effect? outgrowth? result?
4. What are causality and causation? 5. How are origin and source related to cause?
EXAMPLES.
Where there is an effect there must be also a ----.
It is necessary to know something of the ---- of a man before we can safely trust him.
The ---- of the river was found to be a small lake among the hills.
What was given as the ---- of the quarrel was really but the ----.
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CHAGRIN (page 100).
QUESTIONS.
1. What feelings are combined in chagrin? 2. How do you distinguish between chagrin, disappointment,
humiliation, mortification, and shame? 3. Which involves a sense of having done wrong?
EXAMPLES.
The king's ---- at the limitations imposed upon him was painfully manifest.
He is not wholly lost who yet can blush from ----.
Hope tells a flattering tale, Delusive, vain, and hollow. Ah! let not hope prevail, Lest ---- follow.
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CHANGE (page 100).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the distinction between change and exchange? Are they ever used as equivalent, and how? 2. Can
you distinguish between modify and qualify?
EXAMPLES.
The tailor offered to ---- the armholes of the coat.
We requested the pianist to ---- his music by introducing a few popular tunes.
We often fail to recognize the actor who ---- his costume between the acts.
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CHARACTER (page 102).
QUESTIONS.
1. How do you distinguish between character and reputation? constitution and disposition? 2. Is nature a
broader word than any of the preceding? 3. If so, why?
EXAMPLES.
The philanthropist's ---- for charity is often a great source of annoyance to him.
Let dogs delight to bark and bite, for 'tis their ---- to.
Misfortune may cause the loss of friends and reputation, yet if the man has not yielded to wrong, his ---- is
superior to loss or change.
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CHOOSE (page 104).
QUESTIONS.
1. What are the shades of difference between choose, cull, elect, pick, prefer, and select? 2. Also between the
antonyms cast away, decline, dismiss, refuse, repudiate? 3. Does select imply more care or judgment than
choose?
EXAMPLES.
The prettiest flowers had all been ----.
Jacob was ---- to Esau, tho he was the younger.
When a man deliberately ---- to do wrong, there is little hope for him.
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Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald
343

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CIRCUMSTANCE (page 105).
QUESTIONS.
1. To what classes of things do we apply accompaniment? concomitant? circumstance? event? fact? incident?
occurrence? situation? 2. Can you give some instances of the use of circumstance? 3. Is it a word of broader
meaning than incident?
EXAMPLES.
The ---- that there had been a fire was proved by the smoke-blackened walls.
Extreme provocation may be a mitigating ---- in a case of homicide.
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CLASS (page 106).
QUESTIONS.
1. How does a class differ from a caste? 2. In what connection is rank used? order? 3. What is a coterie? How
does it differ from a clique?
EXAMPLES.
An ---- was formed for the relief of the poor and needy of the city.
A select ---- met at the residence of one of the leading men of the city.
There is a struggle of the masses against the ----.
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CLEAR (page 107).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does clear originally signify? 2. How does clear differ from transparent as regards a substance that
may be a medium of vision? 3. With what meaning is clear used of an object apprehended by the senses, as an
object of sight or hearing? 4. What does distinct signify? 5. What is plain? 6. What special sense does this
word always retain? How does transparent differ from translucent? 7. What do lucid and pellucid signify? 8.
What is the special force of limpid?
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CLEVER (page 109).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of clever as used in England? 2. What was the early New England usage? 3. What is to
be said of the use of smart and sharp? 4. What other words of this group are preferable to clever in many of its
uses?
Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald
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EXAMPLES.
His brief experience in the department had made him very ---- in the work now assigned him.
She was especially ---- in song.
Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be ----; Do noble things, not dream them, all day long; And so make
life, death, and the vast forever One grand, sweet song.
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COMPANY (page 110).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is company derived? What is its primary meaning? 2. For what are those associated who
constitute a company? Is their association temporary or permanent? 3. What is the difference between