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parting wood in the way of the grain without a clean cut. To lacerate is to tear roughly the flesh or animal
tissue, as by the teeth of a wild beast; a lacerated wound is distinguished from a wound made by a clean cut or
incision. Mangle is a stronger word than lacerate; lacerate is more superficial, mangle more complete. To
burst or rupture is to tear or rend by force from within, burst denoting the greater violence; as, to burst a gun;
to rupture a blood-vessel; a steam-boiler may be ruptured when its substance is made to divide by internal
pressure without explosion. To rip, as usually applied to garments or other articles made by sewing or
stitching, is to divide along the line of a seam by cutting or breaking the stitches; the other senses bear some
resemblance or analogy to this; as, to rip open a wound. Compare BREAK.
Antonyms:
Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald
248
heal, mend, reunite, secure, sew, solder, stitch, unite, weld. join,
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RENOUNCE.
Synonyms:
abandon, disavow, disown, recant, repudiate, abjure, discard, forswear, refuse, retract, deny, disclaim, recall,
reject, revoke.
Abjure, discard, forswear, recall, recant, renounce, retract, and revoke, like abandon, imply some previous
connection. Renounce (L. re, back, and nuntio, bear a message) is to declare against and give up formally and
definitively; as, to renounce the pomps and vanities of the world. Recant (L. re, back, and canto, sing) is to
take back or deny formally and publicly, as a belief that one has held or professed. Retract (L. re, back, and
traho, draw) is to take back something that one has said as not true or as what one is not ready to maintain; as,
to retract a charge or accusation; one recants what was especially his own, he retracts what was directed
against another. Repudiate (L. re, back, or away, and pudeo, feel shame) is primarily to renounce as shameful,
hence to divorce, as a wife; thus in general to put away with emphatic and determined repulsion; as, to
repudiate a debt. To deny is to affirm to be not true or not binding; as, to deny a statement or a relationship; or
to refuse to grant as something requested; as, his mother could not deny him what he desired. To discard is to
cast away as useless or worthless; thus, one discards a worn garment; a coquette discards a lover. Revoke (L.
re, back, and voco, call), etymologically the exact equivalent of the English recall, is to take back something
given or granted; as, to revoke a command, a will, or a grant; recall may be used in the exact sense of revoke,
but is often applied to persons, as revoke is not; we recall a messenger and revoke the order with which he
was charged. Abjure (L. ab, away, and juro, swear) is etymologically the exact equivalent of the Saxon
forswear, signifying to put away formally and under oath, as an error, heresy, or evil practise, or a condemned
and detested person. A man abjures his religion, recants his belief, abjures or renounces his allegiance,
repudiates another's claim, renounces his own, retracts a false statement. A person may deny, disavow,
disclaim, disown what has been truly or falsely imputed to him or supposed to be his. He may deny his
signature, disavow the act of his agent, disown his child; he may repudiate a just claim or a base suggestion. A
native of the United States can not abjure or renounce allegiance to the Queen of England, but will promptly
deny or repudiate it. Compare ABANDON.
Antonyms:
acknowledge, assert, cherish, defend, maintain, proclaim, uphold, advocate, avow, claim, hold, own, retain,
vindicate.
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REPENTANCE.
Synonyms:
compunction, contriteness, regret, self-condemnation, contrition, penitence, remorse, sorrow.
Regret is sorrow for any painful or annoying matter. One is moved with penitence for wrong-doing. To speak
of regret for a fault of our own marks it as slighter than one regarding which we should express penitence.
Repentance is sorrow for sin with self-condemnation, and complete turning from the sin. Penitence is
transient, and may involve no change of character or conduct. There may be sorrow without repentance, as for
consequences only, but not repentance without sorrow. Compunction is a momentary sting of conscience, in
Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald
249
view either of a past or of a contemplated act. Contrition is a subduing sorrow for sin, as against the divine
holiness and love. Remorse is, as its derivation indicates, a biting or gnawing back of guilt upon the heart,
with no turning of heart from the sin, and no suggestion of divine forgiveness.
Antonyms:
approval, content, obduracy, self-complacency, comfort, hardness, obstinacy, self-congratulation,
complacency, impenitence, self-approval, stubbornness.
Prepositions:
Repentance of or in heart, or from the heart; repentance for sins; before or toward God; unto life.
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REPORT.
Synonyms:
account, narrative, rehearsal, rumor, story, description, recital, relation, statement, tale. narration, record,
Account carries the idea of a commercial summary. A statement is definite, confined to essentials and properly
to matters within the personal knowledge of the one who states them; as, an ante-mortem statement. A
narrative is a somewhat extended and embellished account of events in order of time, ordinarily with a view
to please or entertain. A description gives especial scope to the pictorial element. A report (L. re, back, and
porto, bring), as its etymology implies, is something brought back, as by one sent to obtain information, and
may be concise and formal or highly descriptive and dramatic. Compare ALLEGORY; HISTORY; RECORD.
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REPROOF.
Synonyms:
admonition, chiding, disapproval, reprimand, animadversion, comment, objurgation, reproach, blame,
condemnation, rebuke, reproval, censure, criticism, reflection, upbraiding. check, denunciation, reprehension,
Blame, censure, and disapproval may either be felt or uttered; comment, criticism, rebuke, reflection,
reprehension, and reproof are always expressed. The same is true of admonition and animadversion.
Comment and criticism may be favorable as well as censorious; they imply no superiority or authority on the
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