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5.7 Choose the shortest words
original version (ov)
revised version (rv)
Our data highlighted a significant toxic effect.
(1)
In fact, cell survival in cultures inoculated
with elutriates was about 75% of the control,
respectively. (2)
Considering that several
heavy metals (HMs) are known to be carci-
nogenic compounds, the metal contam ination
may explain some of the toxicity. (3)
Moreover
, in complex mixtures, HMs may
also act as co-mutagens, (4) increasing the
toxic activity of other compounds (Brogdon,
2011). (5)
In particular, cadmium could be
responsible for the mutagenic effects. (6)
In
addition,
the high concentrations of chromium
may be responsible for the toxic effects, (7)
given that
chromium is a potent mutagenic
compound (Ray, 1990) and it is also …
Our data highlighted a significant toxic
effect. (1)
In fact, cell survival in cultures
inoculated with elutriates was about 75%
of the control, respectively. (2) Several
heavy metals (HMs) are known to be
carcinogenic compounds,
thus the metal
contamination may explain some of the
toxic results. (3) In complex mixtures,
HMs may also act as co-mutagens, (4)
thus
increasing the toxic activity of
other compounds (Brogdon, 2011). (5)
Cadmium could be responsible for the
mutagenic effects. (6)
In addition, the
high concentrations of chromium may
be responsible for the toxic effects. (7)
Chromium is
in fact a potent mutagenic
compound (Ray, 1990) and it is also …
Below is an analysis of the seven points indicated in the OV.
1.
In fact is needed because it gives evidence of what was said in the previous sentence.
2.
considering that forces the reader to wait till the second half of the sentence before understand-
ing the meaning of the phrase. In the RV
considering that has been replaced, later in the sentence,
by
thus. The resulting structure is: tell readers something then tell them the consequence.
3.
Moreover is unnecessary as the sentence also contains the word
also which has the same func-
tion as
moreover.
4. In the RV
thus has been added before
increasing. This is absolutely necessary as the reader
could interpret the sentence in a completely different way, i.e. that the way heavy metals act
as co-mutagens is by increasing the toxic activity. For more on the difference between
thus
and
by before an -ing form see Sect.
6.10
.
5. In the OV, this is the fourth consecutive sentence that begins with a link word. Such a style of
writing soon becomes repetitive and also delays the subject of the sentence. The expression
in
particular
is rarely useful. In the RV it has been removed.
6.
In addition is useful here as it alerts the reader that more is going to be said about the findings
mentioned in the previous sentence, rather than this sentence moving on to a new topic.
7. In the RV, the OV sentence is terminated after
effects and a new sentence is begun. In order to
avoid the tedium of having link words always at the beginning of the sentence,
in fact has been
placed after the subject.
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