English for Writing Research Papers


   Toning down strong claims by inserting adverbs



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English for Writing Research papers

9.5   Toning down strong claims by inserting adverbs
Different adverbs have different levels of power, which indicate different levels of 
confidence. If you are talking about how visible something is or how easy it is to 
detect, you could say:
 
S1.  X was clearly visible.
 
S2.  X was scarcely detectable.
S1 and S2 indicate confidence at both extremes of the visibility spectrum. However, 
if you think that there is an element of subjectivity in this visibility you can insert 
another adverb or phrase to reduce the power of the main adverb. So you could say:
 
S3.  X was reasonably clearly visible.
 
S4.  X was scarcely detectable, at least in our experiments.


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9 Hedging and Criticising
You can use the same techniques to describe the level of agreement, correlation or 
matching.
 
S5.  Our data fit perfectly with those of Mkrtchyan.
The confidence level of S5 could be reduced as in S6.
 
S6.  Our data fit quite well with those of Mkrtchyan.
Words  like  quite  (reasonably,  sufficiently,  adequately,  satisfactorily,  suitably, 
appropriately
) leave your claim open to interpretation. They are vague enough to 
allow anyone to attach their own meaning to what you are saying. However, you 
don’t want to use them more than once or twice, as otherwise you may risk being 
accused of being too evasive or equivocal.
Other words you could use to replace quite in S6 are surprisingly, remarkably, and 
unexpectedly
. These words attribute a very subjective element to the interpretation 
of the data, and again leave readers free to give their own meaning to what exactly 
the author meant. However, again, you need to be careful (Sect. 
9.3
), and if do you 
use such adverbs, it helps if you say what was surprising, remarkable or unexpected 
about them.
Use the adverb significantly wisely. It is often associated with statistics and simply 
means that something is unlikely to have occurred by chance. So it does not have 
the general meaning of being important or noteworthy.
Sometimes,  you  need  to  talk  about  the  level  of  completeness  of  an  operation  or 
activity. In such cases you can use adverbs such as 
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