English for chemists

-urn	—>	-a	datum		data
-on.	—>	*e	phenomenon		->	phenomena
-us	-*■	-i	radius		-»	radii
-is	->	-es	hypothesis			hypotheses
-X	-»	~ees	index		-»	indices

The following nouns have the same forms of their singular and plural:

apparatus, means, news, series, species
b) Make up singular-plural pairs from the list below:
quanta, maximum, analyses, vacua, axis, maxima, nuclei, analysis, apparatus, criteria, nuclcus, quantum, matrix, crisis, theses, crises, moments, axes, syntheses, criterion, thesis, momentum, synthesis, vacuum, matrices, apparatus
c) Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the italicized nouns.
1. Until about I860 the majority of chcmists used formulae merely as a convenient representation of organic compounds. 2. Wc heard a very good news today. 3. The phenomenon of attraction of opposites interested many philosophers. 4. Neutrons arc also the most effective means of producing artificial radioactivity. 5. Avogadro’s hypothesis was originally advanced to explain Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes. 6. Ibcrc is some new apparatus on that table. 7. To analyse species is to identify their constituent elements. 8. There are eighteen elements in this series.

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Ex. 10. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to link-verbs.

1. 
   Quartz is a hard, colourlcss substancc. 2. Silicic acid is a weak acid.
   

3. 
   To break a crystal of quartz is to break some silicon-oxygcn bonds.
   
4. 
   Silicon mostly occurs combined. 5. As chcmistry developed, some hypotheses became laws. 6. An acid turns blue litmus red. 7. Watcr tums into icc at 0°C. 8. Only a few of metals occur free in nature. 9. At boiling point, water turns into vapour. 10. The students remained silent. 11. The hypothesis holds true under different conditions. 12. The solution turns yellow on standing. 13. He felt sorry for what he had done. 14. The predictions proved right. IS. It was S p. m. and the classes were over.
   

16. 
    Dalton’s atomic theory became one of the foundations of modem chcmistry.
    

Ex. 11. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Кремний— однн из самых распространенных элементов на зем­ ле. 2. Кремний встречается главным образом в виде диоксида крем­ ния. 3. Кварц— это твердое бесцветное вещество. 4. Твердость квар­ ца объясняется его структурой. 5. Структура кварца тесно связана со структурой кремнекнслоты. 6. Кремнскислота — очень слабая кис­ лота, она легко подвергается конденсации. 7. В кремнекнелоте крем­ ний окружен четырьмя атомами кислорода и к каждому атому кисло­ рода присоединен атом водорода.
Ex. 12. Make up two or three questions to the italicized parts of the sentences.

1. 
   Quartz crystals arc identified as right-handed or left-handed (2).
   

2. 
   The structure of quartz and of other forms of silica is described as consisting ofSi04 tetrahedra (3). 3. In order to break a crystal o fquartz it is necessary to break some silicon-oxygen bonds (2).
   

Ex. 13. Answer the following questions:

1. In what state docs silicon occur? 2. What arc the physical properties of quartz? 3. How is the hardness of quartz accounted for? 4. What do you know about silicic acid? 5. Describe the molecular structure of SiOj.