English for chemists

Section II
Упр. 1. Назовите значения следующих интернациональных слов:
modem, regular, conccpt, minimum, thermodynamics, equilibrium, discuss, gas, thermometer, instrument, accurate, atmosphere, definition
Упр. 2. Определите значения выделенных слов по контексту.
1. One can easily obtain spectrum by means of a spcctroscopc. 2. The glass is filled with water. 3. Microscope is a common device that is used when it is ncccssary to see small particlcs. 4. The purpose of this

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investigation is to determine the best conditions for the reaction. 5. Sometimes wc use icc to cool the body.
Слова к тексту:
devise — придумать; triple— тройной; saturate — насыщать; hence — следовательно; convenience — удобство; resistance — сопротивление; thermocouple—термопара
Text 23 В
Прочтите текст про себя (контрольное время чтения — 4 минуты).
The Kelvin Temperature Scale
and Modern Means of Measuring the Temperature
About 200 years ago scientists noticed that a sample of gas that is cooled decreases in volume in a regular way, and they saw that if the volume were to continue to decrease in the same way, it would bccomc zero at about -273°C. The conccpt was developed that this temperature -273°C (more accurately -273.15°C) is the minimum temperature, the absolute zero. A new temperature scalc was then devised by Lord Kelvin, a great British physicist (1824-1907). The Kelvin scale is defined in such a way as to permit the laws of thermodynamics to be expressed in a simple form.
The International Standard temperature scalc is the Kelvin scalc with a new definition of the degree. The absolute zero is taken to be OK and the triple point of water is taken to be 273.1SK. (The triple point of water, the temperature at which pure liquid water, icc and water vapour arc in equilibrium, will be discusscd later.) With this definition of the degree, the boiling point of water at onc-atmosphcrc pressure is 373.1 SK and the freezing point of water saturated with air at onc-atmosphcrc pressure is 273.15K. Hence the SI Kelvin temperature is 273.15K greater than the ccntigradc temperature.
Gas Thermometer
The establishment of the International Temperature Scalc has required that the thermodynamic temperatures of the fixed points be determined with as much accuracy as possible. For this purpose a device was needed that measures essentially the thcmodynamic temperature and docs not depend on any particular thcrmomctric substancc. On the other hand, sincc it was needed only for a few highly accurate measurements, it did not need to have the convenience of such instruments as resistance thermometers, mercury thermometers, and thermocouples. The dcvicc that has filled this need is the gas thermometer.
Упр. 3. Передайте основное содержание текста в нескольких пред­ ложениях.

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Упр. 4. Составьте план текста.
Упр. 5. Прочтите предложения н скажите, соответствуют ли онн содержанию текста. Если ист, исправьте их.
1. More than a century ago scientists noticcd the dependence between the temperature and the volume of a gas. 2. The temperature at which the volume of the gas sample would become zero was named the absolute zero. 3. Hie scalc according to which the absolute zero is taken to be 0° is the International Standard temperature scalc. 4. The triple point of water is the temperature when vapourization begins. 5. The temperature by the Kelvin scalc is the temperature by Celsius scalc plus 273.15°. 6. Gas thermometer is used for ordinary measurements. 7. Gas thermometer is a convenient instrument. 8. This dcvicc is highly accurate.
Ex. б. Найдите в тексте описание того, как ученые пришли к кон­ цепции абсолютного нуля, переведите эти предложения на русский язык.