English book I 1-dars. Ingliz alifbosi

23-dars. Present Perfect

How long have you...?

Present perfectning davomi.

How long have you been in London? - Qachondan beri siz Londondasiz?

"How long" - qancha uzoq, qancha vaqt kabi tarjima qilinadi. Undan keyingi "have you" present perfectning "question" (savol) shaklida ishlatiladi. Undan so'ng "To be" fe'li keladi. "To be" hozirgi zamonda am/is/are, oddiy o'tgan zamonda was/were, present perfectda esa 3-ko'rinish "been" shaklida keladi. Demak, "How long have you been in London?" so'roq gapi shu tariqa hosil bo'ldi. Javob berishda: I have been in Londan since Monday - Men dushanbadan beri Londondaman, deyish mumkin. Savolda "have you" deyilsa, javobda "I have" deyiladi. I va you o'rnida we, they, he, it kabi ko'rsatish so'zlari bo'lishi mumkin, javob berishda ham shunga qaraladi.