Encyclopedia of Islam

Further reading: Beverly Milton-Edwards and Peter 

Hinchcliffe, Jordan: A Hashemite Legacy (London: Rout-

ledge, 2001); Mary Christina Wilson, King Abdullah, 

Britain and the Making of Jordan (Cambridge: Cam-

bridge University Press, 1990).

heaven

  See 

garden

; 

paradise

.

Hegira

  See h

ijra

.

Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin

 

(1947–  )  Afghan 

Mujahidin leader and head of the Hizb-i Islami 

(Islamic Party); although he received significant 

support from Pakistan and the United States in the 

1980s, he was officially recognized as a terrorist after 

the events of September 11, 2001

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar is an ethnic Pushtun who 

studied engineering in Kabul, a

Fghanistan

, in the 

1960s. Although he may have once been attracted 

to Marxism, he fell under the spell of the Islamic