Bloomberg Businessweek
, for giving me the freedom to pursue this project. I
doubt there are two people doing more to support quality journalism.
A special brand of thanks goes to Brad Stone, my colleague at the
New York Times
and then at
Businessweek.
Brad helped me shape the idea for this book, coaxed me through dark times, and was an
unrivaled sounding board. I feel bad for pestering Brad so incessantly with my questions and doubts. Brad
is a model colleague, always there to help anyone with advice or to step up and take on work. He’s an
amazing writer and an incredible friend.
Thanks as well to Keith Lee and Sheila Abichandani Sandfort. They are two of the brightest, kindest,
most genuine people I know, and their feedback on the early text was invaluable.
My agent David Patterson and editor Hilary Redmon were instrumental in helping pull this project off.
David always seemed to say the right thing at low moments to pick up my spirits. Frankly, I doubt the
book would have happened without the encouragement and momentum he provided during the initial part
of the project. Once things got going, Hilary talked me through the trickiest moments and elevated the
book to an unexpected place. She tolerated my hissy fits and made dramatic improvements to the writing.
It’s wonderful to finish something like this and come out the other side with a pair of such good friends.
Thanks so much to you both.
Last, I have to thank my family. This book turned into a living, breathing creature that made life
difficult on my family for more than two years. I didn’t get to see my young boys as much as I would have
liked during this time, but when I did they were there with energizing smiles and hugs. I’m thankful that
they both seem to have picked up an interest in rockets and cars as a result of this project. As for my wife,
Melinda, well, she was a saint. From a practical perspective, this book could not have happened without
her support. Melinda was my best reader and ultimate confidante. She was that best friend who knew
when to try to energize me and when to let things go. Even though this book disrupted our lives for a long
while, it brought us closer together in the end. I’m blessed to have such a partner, and I will forever
remember what Melinda did for our family.
NOTES
1.
Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association,
1995.
2.
http://queensu.ca/news/alumnireview/rocket-man.
3.
http://www.marieclaire.com/sex-love/relationship-issues/millionaire-starter-wife.
4.
The investor Bill Lee, one of Musk’s close friends, originated this phrase.
5.
http://archive.wired.com/science/space/magazine/15-06/ff_ space_musk?currentPage=all.
6.
http://news.cnet.com/Electric-sports-car-packs-a-punch%2C-but-will-it-sell/2100-11389_3-6096377.xhtml.
7.
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/19/business/19electric.xhtml.
8.
A southern gentleman, Currie could never get used to Musk’s swearing—“he curses like a sailor and does it in mixed company”—or the
way he would churn through prized talent. “He’d search through the woods, turn over every rock and dig through brambles to find the
one person with the specific expertise and skill he wanted,” Currie said. “Then, that guy would be gone three months to a year later if he
didn’t agree with Elon.” Currie, though, remembers Musk as inspirational. Even as Tesla’s funds dwindled, Musk urged the employees to
do their jobs well and vowed to give them what they needed to be successful. Currie, like many people, also found Musk’s work ethic
astonishing. “I would be in Europe or China and send him an email at two thirty in the morning his time,” Currie said. “Five minutes later,
I’d get an answer back. It’s just unbelievable to have support on that level.”
9.
http://www.mercurynews.com/greenenergy/ci_7641424.
10.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3666994/One-more-giant-leap.xhtml.
11.
http://www.sia.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/2013_SSIR_ Final.pdf.
12.
Another moment like this occurred in late 2010 during a launch attempt in Florida. One of the SpaceX technicians had left a hatch open
overnight at the launchpad, which allowed rain to flood a lower-level computing room. The water caused major issues with SpaceX’s
computing equipment, and another technician had to fly out from California right away with Musk’s American Express card in hand to fix
the emergency in the days leading up to the launch.
The SpaceX engineers bought new computing gear right away and set it up in the room. They needed to run the equipment through
standard tests to make sure it could maintain a certain voltage level. It was late at night on a Sunday, and they couldn’t get access on
short notice to a device that could simulate the high electrical load. One of the engineers improvised by going to a hardware store where
he bought twenty-five headlamps for golf carts. The SpaceX crew strung them all together back at the launchpad and hung them from a
wall. They then put on their sunglasses and lit everything up, knowing that if a power supply for the computing equipment could survive
this test, it would be okay for the flight. The process was repeated for numerous power supplies, and the team worked from 9 P.M. that
night until 7 A.M. and finished in time to keep the launch on track.
13.
http://www.space.com/15874-private-dragon-capsule-space-station-arrival.xhtml.
14.
At the conclusion of the debate, Musk and I exchanged a couple of emails. He wrote, “Oil and gas is firmly in the Romney camp and
they are feeding his campaign these talking points. Until recently, they didn’t care about Tesla, as they thought we would fail.
“Ironically, it is because they are starting to think Tesla might not fail that they are attacking us. The reason is that society has to
function, so the less there seems to be a viable alternative to burning hydrocarbons, the less pressure there is to curb carbon emissions. If
an electric car succeeds, it spoils that argument.
“Overall though, I think it is great that he mentioned us :) ‘Romney Tesla’ is one of the top Google searches!”
I reached out to Romney’s camp months later, as sales of Tesla’s soared, to see if he wanted to change his position but was rebuffed.
15.
As Tesla has grown in size, the company has commanded more respect from suppliers and been able to get better parts and better deals.
But outsourcing components still bothers Musk, and for understandable reasons. When it tried to ramp up production in 2013, Tesla ran
into periodic issues because of its suppliers. One of them made what should have been an inconsequential 12-volt lead acid battery that
handled a few auxiliary functions in the car. Tesla bought the part from an American supplier, which in turn outsourced the part from a
company in China, which in turn outsourced the part from a company in Vietnam. By the time the battery arrived at Tesla’s factories, it
didn’t work, adding cost and delays during a crucial period in the Model S’s history. It’s situations like these that typically result in Tesla
playing a much more active role with its suppliers when compared to other automakers. For something like an ABS braking controller,
Tesla will work hand-in-hand with its supplier—in this case Bosch—to tune the hardware and software for the Model S’s specific
characteristics. “Most companies just hand their cars over to Bosch, but Tesla goes in with a software engineer,” said Ali Javidan. “We
had to change their mind-set and let them know we wanted to work on a very deep level.”
16.
Tesla does seem to promote an obsession with safety that’s unmatched in the industry. J. B. Straubel explained the company’s thinking as
follows: “With the safety stuff, it seems like car companies have evolved to a place where their design objectives are set by whatever is
regulated or has been standardized. The rule says, ‘Do this and nothing more.’ That is amazingly boring engineering. It leaves you maybe
fiddling with the car’s shape or trying to make it a bit faster. We have more crumple zones, better deceleration, a lower center of gravity.
We went in wondering, ‘Can we make this car twice as safe as anything else on the road?’”
17.
Othmer has lined up to be the lucky owner of the first Roadster II.
Musk has developed an unconventional policy to determine the order in which cars are sold. When a new car is announced and its
price is set, a race begins in which the first person to hand Musk a check gets the first car. With the Model S, Steve Jurvetson, a Tesla
board member, had a check at the ready in his wallet and slid it across the table to Musk after spying details on the Model S in a packet
of board meeting notes.
Othmer caught a
Wired
story about a planned second version of the Roadster and emailed Musk right away. “He said, ‘Okay, I will
sell it to you, but you have to pay two hundred thousand dollars right now.’” Othmer agreed, and Tesla had him come to the company’s
headquarters on a Sunday to sign some paperwork, acknowledging the price of the car and the fact that the company didn’t quite know
when it would arrive or what its specifications would be. “My guess is that it will be the fastest car on the road,” Othmer said. “It’ll be
four-wheel drive. It’s going to be insane. And I don’t really think that will be the real price. I just don’t think Elon wanted me to buy it.”
18.
Musk suspected Better Place came up with battery swapping as a plan after its CEO, Shai Agassi, heard about the technology during a
tour of the Tesla factory
19.
Musk had made a number of art cars over the years at Burning Man, including an electric one shaped like a rocket. In 2011, he also
received a lot of grief from the
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