Elements of grammar

T hen and Now

"Among the Americans who served on Iwo Jima, un­common valor was a common virtue."

These words, spoken years ago by Fleet Admiral Ches­ter W. Nimits, then Commander in Chief of the United States Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, are inscribed on a plaque beneath an American flag that flies day and night — an unusual tribute — over the jagged summit of Mount Suribachi.

To the Marines who fought their way to this spot on February 23, 1945 — D-plus-4 in the invasion of Iwo Jima — it would no doubt seem strange to return today and ride in a comfortable station wagon over a paved, two-lane road. The cliffs that they would remember as mottled brown, pocked with Japanese pillboxes and cave positions spitting death, are green now and the mood is one of peace, disturbed only occasionally by the drone of an approaching plane.

Today the flag that flies over the 546-foot cone of Suribachi is still ruffled by breezes that often bear a faint tinge of sulphur from the live volcanic cracks and fuma-roles below.

Appropriately, Iwo Jima means "Sulphur Island." But only the Japanese name is ever used here — that is what the Marines always called it, and that is what 92,000,000 Japanese, to whom this eight-square-mile black dot in the western Pacific is equally a monument to the valor of their fighting men, have always called it.

For the Japanese forces in the Pacific also had tht. finest hour on this lonely, ever-smoking heap of cinders about midway between Tokyo and Guam. Under General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, who committed suicide with e short sword in the traditional Japanese warrior's way when all hope was gone, more than 20,000 fought to the enc and only 1,083 prisoners yielded.

Man-made caves had been the key to the Japanese defense. Connected in many cases by lateral tunnels, and impervious to bombing and shelling except in the event ol a lucky direct hit, they provided the defenders with inter­locking fields of fire covering virtually every inch of the island.

But, on the twenty-sixth day of the battle, the men oi the Third, Fourth and Fifth marine Divisions, pressing forward without regard for casualties that left some units with hardly any of the men who had participated in the initial assault, eradicated all opposition.

The 400 or so men of the U.S. Air Force and Coast Guard who occupy Iwo Jima today find the island a place of serenity, peace — and monotony. They are assigned here for twelve-month terms. The fourteen Coast Guard men run a LORAN — long-range air navigational station; the Air Force contingent operates an emergency landing strip and weather and communication services on the site of the former Motoyama Airfield No.2. Fresh food comes to the island from Japan twice a week by plane.

Iwo Jima is still strategic in the sense that it serves as a refuge for pilots in difficulty. Two or three planes a month, on the average, set down on the 9,600-foot as-

phalt runway to repair mechanical defects developed in mid-ocean flight.

1....The Japanese forces were finally forced to yield as a
result of....

A bayonet charge

B aerial bombardment and naval shelling

C the suicide of their own commanding general

D direct land attack on their hidden positions

2....The picture of the island today is one of....

A...hope for the future

B...devastation and ruin

C...calm and quiet

D...despair

3....American forces now on Iwo are there....

A to present Iwo from falling into the hands of enemy

B to maintain a large cemetery

C so that the native population may be helped back to

normalcy D to assist airplanes and monitor navigation

4....We learn that the Japanese in their defense of the is­
land ....

A dug into the cliffs of the mountains B relied heavily on natural advantages C used trickery and ingenuity D made remarkable use of a secret airfield

5....Food for the American forces on Iwo Jima....

A is raised by the natives B comes from Japan C is delivered by many ships D is shipped from America

II.

6...."It's a sad story. We...to be married, but he...

in a car crash."

A ought, was killed

B were, was killed

C wanted, killed

0 are going, has been killed

7....He had written his address down the last morning, she

remembered, and said that if she...to Paris he...

happy to see her again.

A had ever come, will feel B comes, will be C would come, may be D ever came, would be

8. Girls called Rosemary get married in white veil

and take...from their...and wait in the eve

nings in green suburbs for their commuting hus bands.

A advices, mothers-in-law B some advice, mother-in-laws C an advice, mother's-in-Iaw D advice, mothers-in-law

9. Her hands were shaking. He leaned over and took

...lighter from her hands, steadily held...flame

to her cigarette.

A the, the B a, a C a, -D her, her

10....He was good at tennis and in his room there was a

whole shelf of cups he ...in tournaments since he

...eleven years old.

A won, had been B had been winning, turned C has won, has been D had won, was

11....Minnie had a gift for mathematics and probably could

get...teaching in the department if she...it upon

graduation.

A a job, wanted

B work, will have wanted

C job, wished

D a position, wants

12....Then he was suddenly on the steps of the city hall and
...a lot of police around.

A it was B there was C there were D has seen

13....If... David or Jane comes, she or he will want a

drink.

A neither B both C either D none

14....We had ...dinner at...Alfredo's. It wasn't...

bad dinner, but I cannot say I remember what we ate.

A ..., ..., ...

B the, the, a

C ..., ..., a

D a, the, ...

15...."My mother died when I was ten. My father had haa
three...wives: two of them were only two years old­
er than I am now, and...was younger."

A other, another B others, the other C another, other D other, the other

16....She finally said, "I'm going on vacation in...time

I won't be seeing you then for a month."

A two weeks

B a weeks'

C two week's

D a couple of weeks'

17....I stood hesitating, I saw a fishing boat...slowly

into the little bay below me.

A As, come

B During, coming

C When, to come

D While, to have come

18....By the time 1 ...the garden gate, I ...over th

first shock of her death and my mind was functionin again.

A...had reached, got

B...reached, had been getting

C...reached, had got

D...have reached, have got

19....There is no...,...or...driver in the world thai

an Italian.

A more wild, more mad, more dangerous B wilder, madder, dangerouser C wilder, madder, more dangerous D wilder, more mad, more dangerous

20....He stayed ...for a long time, staring at the box.

I watched him, wondering what his...move was

to be.

A motionless, the next B motionlessly, next C motionlessly, further D motionless, next

21....The building in the middle of the village is a super­
market, but it... a cinema.

A used to being B was used to be C used to be D was used being

22...."I am sure," said Holmes, "he...through the door.

The window doesn't open."

A could to enter

B must have entered

C ought have entered

D should have been entered

23....You see my dilemma....I must find the man who

stole the examination papers...the examination must

be postponed until new papers...prepared.

A Either, or, are

B Either, nor, must be

C Neither, nor, will have been

D Either, or, will be

24....He stood stiff and impotent with anger. She stared
into the mirror as if he....

A doesn't exist B didn't exist C hadn't existed D won't exist

25....He suddenly felt a strange uneasiness in the middle of

the stomach. It was the first time he...a touch of

indigestion during these anxious weeks.