Elektr energitika bs 21 grux Talabasi

material is removed in a liquid bath. The areas of silicon exposed by the 
etching process are changed from p-type (pink) to n-type (yellow) by 
exposure to either arsenic or phosphorus vapour at high temperatures 
(d). Areas covered by silicon dioxide remain p-type. The silicon dioxide 
is removed (e), and the wafer is oxidized again (f). An opening is etched 

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down to the p-type silicon, using a reverse mask with the lithography-
etching process (g). Another oxidation cycle forms a thin layer of silicon 
dioxide on the p-type region of the wafer (h). Windows are etched in the 
n-type silicon areas in preparation for metal deposits (i). 
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
 
Modern electronics simply would not be possible without the integrated 
circuit, which was invented in 1958 by Jack Kilby. The integrated circuit 

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is also known as the all-important "microchip" that powers your 
smartphone, your Furby, and even parts of your car. 
Whether you’re currently in a library, laboratory, or bathroom stall, 
you wouldn’t be reading this list without the invention of the personal 
computer. In 1977 Stephen Wozniak unveiled the Apple II, the PC that 
arguably paved the way to widespread personal home computer use. 
Apple has since become a household name, and the computer has 
evolved from what once took up an entire room to a device that can fit 

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in your purse or pocket. Now that’s what I call science.Railways can 
carry a large number of passengers with comfort while also being able