Effects of aging and transformation of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles on biological phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactors and related toxic mechanisms



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Effects of aging and transformation of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles on biological phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactors and related toxic mechanisms

Graphical abstract 

 

 

 



Highlights 

 



Nanoparticles age in aquatic environments according to the environmental conditions 

 



We investigated both pristine and aged anatase (TiO

2

-A) and rutile (TiO



2

-R) NPs 


 

Sludge P removal responses were closely related to crystal structure of TiO



2

-NPs 


 

Failure of P removal was mainly due to destruction in genus levels of PAOs 



 

Aging reduces the photoactivities of TiO



2

-NPs and reduces their biological toxicity 



 

Abstract

 

The effect of nanomaterials aging, namely the transformation of comprehensive 



characteristics  after  experiencing  real  or  complex  environmental  behaviors,  on  their 

ecotoxicology  is  still  lacking.  Moreover,  the  mechanisms  by  which  NPs  influence 

biological  phosphorus  (P)  removal  during  sewage  treatment  require  further 

elucidation.  Therefore,  we  used  both  pristine  and  aged  anatase  (TiO

2

-A)  and  rutile 



(TiO

2

-R) NPs to investigate the mechanisms by which NPs affect P removal in a SBR. 



At  0.1  mg/L,  the  four  types  of  NPs  (pristine  and  aged)  had  no  significant  effect  on 

Journal Pre-proof




sludge purification after acute (72-h) exposure under simulated sunlight. However, at 

50  mg/L—regardless  of  the  crystalline  phase  of  the  NPs—SOP  and  COD  removal 

efficiency dropped steeply to  approximately 42.2–82.4% (p  <  0.05)  and 69.8–83.3% 

(p  <  0.05),  respectively,  especially  in  the  pristine  TiO

2

-NPs  groups  because  of 



decrease of richness and diversity of genus level of PAOs and enzyme activity of both 

PPK and PPX, and the sluggish transformation of PHA and glycogen. Aging reduced 

the  ability  of  NPs  toxicity.  The  toxicity  mechanisms  of  TiO

2

-NPs  included  lipid 



peroxidation  and  contact  damage,  or  leakage  from  bacterial  cytoplasmic  membrane, 

which  are  closely  related  to  photooxidation  capacity  and  aqueous  solution 

stability—i.e., nanoscale effects—and the impacts of aging or inclusion. 

 


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