I would like to cite part of the economic effect of the dissertation on the example
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implements, composition of aggregates, for fields and sections with a flat
topography (up to 1 °), optimal soil moisture (18 ... 20%).
When operating the units in other conditions, the correction factors for
humidity, slope angle, rockiness, the presence of obstacles in the fields, the
complexity of the configuration, the height above sea level, the clogging and
lodging of the harvested mass, etc. should be applied to the norms. (guidance on
the application of norms in specific conditions is set out in the current
intersectoral and industry collections of norms on mechanized field work in
agriculture).
The norms of production and fuel consumption are designed for a shift duration
of 7 hours, and for work on introducing ammonia water into the soil, spraying
crops with pesticides - 6 hours. They are intended for state farms, collective
farms and other agricultural enterprises.
State farms and collective farms based on these norms for their specific natural-
production conditions develop standards for production and fuel consumption,
which are used in the established manner in the work.
In the collection, in addition to the uniform norms of production and fuel
consumption, the initial standards of time and operating modes of the units are
given, which were laid down in the basis of the norms. These standards can be
used when checking the level of compliance with the standards, designing new
regulatory materials and solving other problems of organizing and rationing
labor in mechanized field work.
I.
Norms of production and fuel consumption for primary and pre-sowing
tillage Landfill plowing.
The norms of production and fuel consumption are designed for the following
types of work:
- plowing a layer of perennial grasses, virgin lands and deposits;
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- plowing stubble;
- plowing the field after harvesting root crops and plowing.
Work is carried out with simultaneous harrowing at a speed of 6 to 12 km / h.
The main way of moving aggregates on dump plowing soil is loop with
alternating corrals.
This method gives the smallest number dump ridges and split furrows.
In areas with short gon (less than 500 m) the most productive loopless combined
way of movement. All types of dump plowing is carried out by plows with
skimmers, in addition to fields after harvesting root tubers, plowing fields on
which organic fertilizers are scattered.
The formation rotation during plowing should be full, and the plowed layer -
loose. Stubble, weeds, organic and mineral fertilizers must be completely
smelled.
The arable unit must move in a straight line and not leave flaws.
Deep split furrows, high dump ridges or furrows between the individual
passages of the plow, as well as large blocks on the surface of a plowed field are
not allowed. The depth under the dump passages must be at least half the
specified one. The height of the ridges is allowed no more than 5cm. Dump
ridges and breakup grooves after plowing the field should be leveled, and the
headlands and field edges should be flattened. The unit is serviced by one tractor
operator.
Unit preparation, acquisition and pre-adjustment spend in advance.
Before plowing, the field is cleaned of straw residues and divided into corrals.
Specially dedicated people are preparing the field under the guidance of the
agronomist.
The initial data on the basis of which the norms of production and fuel
consumption are developed are shown in table 1.