Education of the republic of uzbekistan national university of uzbekistan named after mirzo

Areal typology 
Among the existing typologies of languages, a special place is occupied by 
the areal typology, which is sometimes also called geographical, since it is carried 
out taking into account the territorial location of speakers of classified languages. 
Areal typology of languages refers to their division into certain classes on the 
basis of common features that arise in them as a result of long contacts of people 
speaking these languages. A distinctive feature of areal typology is that it does 
not apply to all the world languages, but only to the languages of individual 
regions, while genealogical and structural typologies cover all languages of the 
world. The language associations distinguished in the areal typology are always 
located within a proper geographical area, that is, they occupy adjacent territories, 
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Handke J.Language typology-Structural typology, 2012. Copyright: Virtual linguistic campus. 
www.linguistic-online.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ka5oH7gHOlw 

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while different groups of languages distinguished by genealogical and structural 
typologies, can be territorially divided, separated from each other by the 
territories where other type languages are spoken. 
One of the main notions of areal typology are language unions. The 
language unions are a special type of linguistic community, which include various 
languages within the boundaries of the same geographical space. These languages 
are characterized by common structural features obtained over a long time of 
coexistence. For instance, East Asian language union was organized as a result of 
centuries-old relationships of Southeast Asian languages of different origin, 
including Thai and Vietnamese. These features were adopted from Chinese with 
its most expressive features, in particular monosyllables and meaningful tones. 
However, Thai and Vietnamese are not genetically related either to Chinese, or 
even to each other. Another example of language union is called Uzbek-Tajik 
language union.
This Union is characterized by several interlingual exchanges 
both in lexical and grammatical terms.
Of particular interest are language contacts in a specific area or state, the 
emergence of hybrid languages and many etc. Controversial cases include 
problems associated with the determination of the nature of the English language 
variants (American, Australian, Asian, etc.), as well as the status of hybrid 
languages type – Pidgin English such as Chinglish, Hinglish, Konglish, Singlish 
and many others.