Education of the republic of uzbekistan national university of uzbekistan named after mirzo

Category of
 
tense 
 
In most of the well-known languages, there are tools that allow the speaker 
to arrange the action in time. The most important of these means are verbs, in 
other words – verbal tenses. Regarding English, it is traditionally believed that 
there are four forms for expressing, for example, the present tense - Present 
Indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous. 
However, these forms are not exclusively temporary: they indicate not only the 
location of the action, state, process or events in time, but also indicate their 
internal structure, their extent, prevalence in time.
 
According to U.Yusupov the category of tense shows the relations of the 
time of the action denoted by the verb to the moment of speech
13
. He indicates 
that in English this category is represented by a system of three-member 
13
Yusupov U.K. Сontrastive Linguistics of the English and the Uzbek Languages. –T., 2013

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opposition: past tense - future tense - present tense, whereas, in Uzbek it is 
represented
by a system of two-member opposition: past tense - non-past tense.
Non-past tenses depending on the context of speech situation can express both 
present and future time. As in English grammatical form contains several 
grammatical meanings, forms are many in number. They are: Present Indefinite, 
Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite, Future Indefinite in The Past, Present 
Continuous, Future Continuous, Future Continuous in The Past, Present Perfect, 
Past Perfect, Future Perfect, Future Perfect in The Past, Present Perfect 
Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future 
Perfect Continuous, Future Perfect Continuous in The Past. 
As English has both synthetic and analytic features, it can use affixes (-ed, 
-ing) and auxiliary verbs (to be, to have, etc.) at the same time to form different 
tenses. For instant, in the sentence 
I have finished the work, 
the
 
present perfect 
tense has a structure of – subject + auxiliary verb (have) + verb (finish) + ed + 
object.
In Uzbek grammatical categories of tense are not less complicated, where 
each tense has its variations. A detailed classification of Uzbek verb tenses is 
presented V.V.Reshetov
14
. In his opinion in Uzbek there are three main groups of 
the verb tense: The Present tense; Past tense; The Future tense groups. The 
Present tense is divided into two groups: Present Indefinite and Present 
Continues, where Present Continuous has four types of representation. The Past 
tense is divided into two varieties: the form of Past Defined and form of Past 
narrative. In their turn, these forms are divided into more detailed subdivisions, 
so Past Definite has two forms and Past Narrative has four forms of 
representation. Future tense is also divided into two types. The first is the 
estimated future tense and the second is certain future tenses. 
14
Решетов В.В. Основы фонетики, морфологии и синтаксиса узбекского языка. – Т.: Учитель, 1965.

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All of the above tense forms have their special affixes that perform a single 
grammatical function that is, represent a certain time for the execution of an 
action. For instant,
first type of past narrative tense – the long past tense is formed 
by combining past participle affix 
-gan
with an insufficient verb 
emoq
in the form 
of the past definite.