distinction and identification.
For example, in
pet
/pet/ -
bet
/bet/ -
let
/let/ -
set
/set/ we can observe the distinction of the
first sound, while in
pool
/pu:l/,
sport
/spo:t/,
plate
/pleit/ we find
identification of the sounds. In phonetic transcription we distinguish
the aspirated /p /, /p2/, /рз/ sounds used before vowels from the non-
aspirated /рл/ sound used in other positions. Thus, using the criterion
of distinction, we set up phonemes as distinctive unites, and, in the
latter case, we identify sounds as allophones of the phoneme. As it
is repeatedly pointed out in modem theories of language, citing F.
de Saussure’s concept, there are two axis in a language: an axis of
successiveness and axis of simultaneity, which are called
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