Economics and management in the field of ict

1.2. Logistics features in the postal sector.

Logistics is an activity that sustains the global economy. Its mandatory function in global trade is directly related to the main functions of logistics postal operators. At a time when mail volume is declining and changing, logistics can be one of the best options for posts and their partners to increase their offerings and important elements of their long-term survival.

The steady growth of e-commerce has made key parts of the supply chain difficult, with the logistics and transportation sectors posing specific delivery problems in densely populated urban areas, exacerbating concerns about opportunities. The postal service is currently the dominant last-mile delivery in the United States, and competition is intensifying. Crowdsourced delivery companies, major carriers such as regional carriers and Amazon, especially in cities, are often moving to last-mile delivery with innovative new business models.

The postal service is not a logistics company, but many aspects of the logistics industry are central to its core business. By taking steps to expand logistics offerings to the extent permitted under applicable law, the Postal Service may maintain or grow its package delivery business. Several major developments in the field of logistics and they are important opportunities and risks for the postal service;

- Logistics is emerging as the best tool for posts and their partners to increase their offerings, which can be very important in the context of changing and shrinking mailboxes.

- The growth of e-commerce packages is expanding the capabilities of logistics and transport systems.

- The logistics industry is growing rapidly and represents great opportunities and risks for the Postal Service.

- Many aspects of the logistics industry are central to the core business of the Postal Service. By expanding logistics offerings, the postal service can sustain or grow the package delivery business.

Because logistics includes the types of activities related to the production and distribution of goods for consumption, it consists of two separate but integrated sectors; management and distribution of materials.

Material management involves all activities related to the production of parts and finished products, including their packaging and eventual recycling or reuse. The distribution includes all activities related to the preparation of parts and finished products for consumption, in particular transport and warehousing.

The more integrated the supply chain, the more difficult it is to distinguish between physical distribution and material management as distribution channels spread from suppliers to consumers and responsibility for transportation and warehousing is distributed among manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. will be. Logistics should be consistent with the products they support, as customers typically do not distinguish between the product and the distribution system that delivers it.

Logistics also includes the basic relationship between the requirements that arise from and arise from its operations. Material management typically creates a demand for physical distribution because the products produced must be transported, stored, and sold to consumers. At the same time, distribution has an effect on demand in the management of materials, as distribution capabilities shape production in terms of its organization and location. Supply chains can be thought of as an integral link between production and distribution. Production and mobility requirements are embedded (synchronized) because the product being manufactured must move at a similar speed along the supply chain.

Logistics systems consist of three main areas: order processing, inventory management, and shipping.

Conveyor systems and storage systems solve the tasks of internal transportation, distribution and storage. Modern postal distribution centers (parcel centers and letter centers) focus on fast handling and soft transport. Their cost-effectiveness and high-tech systems mean they can offer solutions tailored to every situation.

Different systems consisting of modular elements can be combined at will and a modular design approach is used. They are very economical, durable, low noise level and therefore very suitable for use in daily postal operations.

Therefore, we can offer first-class mail and parcel carts, bulk container for parcels, cage and platform carts, trucks and mail delivery carts as a solution for all logistics optimization projects for mail and parcels. The first priority is to ensure that letters, parcels, mailed photographs, catalogs or magazines reach their destinations in a reliable manner with an obligation to provide service and customized transportation solutions.

Logistics management is a component of the supply chain management, which is carried out by planning, managing and effectively moving and storing relevant information, goods and services from the place of origin to the destination to meet customer requirements. Logistics management helps companies reduce costs and improve customer service.

Logistics management includes many elements, including:

-Selection of appropriate vendors capable of providing vehicles;

-Choose the most efficient routes for transportation;

-Using software and IT resources to manage the processes involved in discovering the most convenient delivery method

Unwise decisions in logistics management cause several problems. For example, a failed or delayed delivery will result in customer dissatisfaction. Damage to goods due to careless handling is another potential problem. Poor logistics planning will gradually increase costs, and problems can arise as a result of implementing an inefficient logistics program. Many of these problems are caused by poor outsourcing decisions, such as selecting the wrong vendor or performing delivery tasks without sufficient resources.

To solve these problems, organizations need to use the best logistics methods. Companies need to focus on collaboration, not competition. Good collaboration between transportation providers, buyers and sellers can help reduce costs. An efficient and safe transportation provider is also important for business success.

Postal logistics centers, as collection points for large quantities of shipments, have the function of collecting and distributing in the postal network and represent an important link between the sender and the recipient in the delivery of shipments. Technological processes carried out in these centers, arising from the established business objectives of postal communication and include: sorting of postal items, organization of transport and provision of postal logistics services. Since logistics and postal communication processes are integrated in the implementation of technological processes of postal communication, postal operations in postal logistics centers are the first step to measure logistics performance. Measuring Logistics Performance Measures the efficiency, productivity and quality of postal logistics centers as a logistics system and creates their future goals for postal logistics centers and their use in planning and defining global indicators of logistics processes in the postal service.

The postal service plays an important role in development as a leading commercial and financial region, providing links between individuals, businesses and government. In recent years, postal operators have been facing challenges such as rapid technological development, market liberalization, segmentation, and increased competition.

The structure of the postal network and the characteristics of the process in the postal service consist of a postal network, which is a complex and dynamic system. Post offices are an important link in the system with the task of carrying out a phase in the delivery of goods between the sender and the recipient. Due to the market-oriented and customer-oriented development of postal operators, many traditional postal centers have expanded their services and are growing in postal logistics centers.

A logistics center is the center of a particular center where all activities related to transportation, logistics and distribution of goods, both for national and international transit - are carried out on a commercial basis, by different operators. Postal logistics centers Logistics processes are carried out as a unit in various postal items. Given the global determinants of postal operators and the characteristics of the technological process of postal services, logistics as a means of differentiation (as a means of marketing logistics) and rationalization (as a method of reducing logistics) are an integral part of the company's business strategy. The process of transferring postal items from the sender to the recipient is determined by the cost of services of the postal operator. Logistics indicators can be characterized by the efficiency, productivity and quality of logistics processes with appropriate logistics indicators and represent the results of individual logistics processes. Following a hierarchy of interactions, based on the same principle, the impact of postal logistics centers can be characterized by the results of individual logistics activities and processes. The main features of postal services are reflected in the great demand of users for sending postal items, and these effects are realized through the technological processes that arise when moving goods for the purpose of transferring items to the recipient. From an organizational point of view, the establishment of a single postal network (nationally and internationally), standardization of unique technologies and equipment for the implementation of postal services that require the market (provided that national operators also provide universal service). The structure and equipment of the postal network depends on the economic capabilities of operators, the volume of traffic, which is important for the development of investment policy and postal services in the case of a national operator.

Mailing consists of the following stages: collection, dispatch, transportation, arrival and delivery. The collection phase can be arranged directly or indirectly, either in the post office, in the user’s room building, by postman or mailbox, or from a self-service mail kiosk. The use can be achieved through the counter.

Postal items are shipped and delivered between the Postal Logistics Centers or delivery to the post office at the destination. At this stage, direct or indirect connection is made from all postal network units, from reception to delivery using a wide range of vehicles. Appropriate forms of concentration and distribution of products in the transport chain are used to achieve the most efficient use of available resources in the organization of transport links.

The receipt of postal items includes the receipt and processing of Postal Logistics Centers or items for further delivery or dispatch of items for delivery or dispatch. Upon receipt of postal messages by postal logistics centers, shipments can be processed to prepare for delivery through post offices. Also, postal logistics centers can deliver conclusions only to the post offices sent to the address. Upon receipt of postal messages to the designated post office, they are processed and prepared for delivery.

During the transfer of goods from the sender to the recipient, many logistics activities and processes are identified: transportation, transfer, processing (sorting), preparation for shipment, as well as the design of all supporting information flows. Logistics processes in the postal sector reflect a range of logistics management activities: information, technological, organizational and control, and all of them combine their goals with the objectives of postal communication as a high-level business system.

The impact of logistics processes on a series of logistics activities carried out in series and in parallel is measured by logistics indicators. The purpose of logistics performance measurement and control activities is to monitor logistics efficiency relative to the operational plan and thus identify opportunities to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Although there are many documents dealing with the study of logistics indicators, there are conceptual interpretations, coverage, evaluation methods, and grouping criteria in the literature. Recent research in the field of logistics and supply chain often uses the following performance classifications to evaluate and monitor logistics processes:

- Financial indicators;

- Productivity indicators,

- Quality work;

- Time indicator.

The above classification is very convenient in terms of structuring, measuring and monitoring logistics processes, and in this work serves as a basis for the selection of logistics indicators in postal logistics centers. In order to describe complex processes in logistics systems, it is necessary to establish the hierarchical structure of the process, understand the relationship between processes and processes and performance, i.e. logistics processes should be represented as a specific series of individual logistics, quantification possible activities and processes. The set of indicators allows you to determine the level of reference value, identify changes over time, check compliance with the achieved and target values, and identify opportunities for improvement. The legal norms governing postal business, postal communication objectives, and competition in the market serve as the basis for defining logistics goals and objectives when delivering a shipment from the sender to the recipient. If we start with global indicators of postal services that are important to the user, such as delivery time and the price charged for delivery, it is possible to identify low-level logistics indicators for each stage of delivery. logistics processes. According to the same principle and the impact of postal logistics centers as a node in the postal logistics network can be characterized by indicators that affect the global performance of logistics processes in the postal service, which is the result of separate logistics processes.

3-picture. (Postal logistics).