Economic theory

that is, it is formed at the expense of buildings, structures, materials, finished products, goods, cash, and so on. These are also reflected in the balance sheet.
It can be observed that the private capital of an enterprise, organization, various societies is formed mainly from the following sources, namely: funds of property owners, founders' shares, profits from activities, non-refundable funds, etc. The structure of the company's charter, added and reserve capital and sources of its formation In a market economy, newly established enterprises independently form their financial and material resources. Such resources are usually created by the founders of an enterprise by adding their own property as a share to the charter capital.
Authorized capital is a set of material assets, cash and expenses added (paid) by the founders of the enterprise in accordance with the constituent documents to obtain the rights and benefits and necessary for the implementation of economic activities of the enterprise.
The characteristics of the authorized capital include:
 The amount of share capital is determined in accordance with the charter of the enterprise and the memorandum of association and is relatively permanent. Change of its initial amount is carried out only by re-transfer of the charter of the enterprise from the state account;  The actual formation of share capital is limited in time.
In accordance with the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the deadline for the formation of the authorized capital of enterprises is one year from the date of establishment;

 The founders' contributions to the share capital may include long-term and short-term assets, ie fixed assets, intangible assets, capital and financial investments, inventories and cash;

 The contributions of the founders to the charter capital are the net profit of the enterprise
the number of shares is the basis for the distribution of the net profit according to each of them. Net profit is not distributed in state-owned enterprises and is aimed at increasing the amount of authorized capital. Authorized capital depends on the organizational and legal forms of enterprises and forms of ownership. In state-owned enterprises, the charter capital consists of a set of properties attached to it by the state. In enterprises established on the basis of private ownership, the charter capital consists of shares and contributions of the founders. The charter capital of joint-stock companies consists of the sum of the nominal value of ordinary and preferred shares issued. The charter capital of an enterprise shall be established at the expense of the founders' shares in accordance with its charter and the founding agreement. It can be replenished at the expense of the profit of the enterprise from economic activity, if necessary, at the expense of the target contributions of the founders. Buildings, structures, devices and other tangible assets as a contribution to the charter capital of the enterprise: rights to use land, water and other natural resources, as well as other property rights (including know-how and other intangible assets for the use of inventions); cash in freely convertible currencies in the currencies of the member states of the joint venture. Contributions in foreign currency to the charter capital of enterprises, organizations, associations, joint-stock companies and limited liability companies "Accounting for transactions in foreign currency,
The charter capital of a joint-stock company consists of the nominal value of the shares purchased by its shareholders. In this case, the nominal value of the total shares issued may be the same. In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On joint-stock companies and protection of shareholders' rights", the minimum amount of authorized capital of open joint-stock companies (OJSCs) is four times the amount established by law at the time of registration. not less than one hundred thousand US dollars, and the charter capital of closed joint stock companies (CJSCs) should not be less than one hundred and fifty thousand US dollars established by law at the time of registration of the company.
The amount of the charter capital of a joint-stock company may increase or decrease. In accordance with Article 21 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Joint Stock Companies and Protection of Shareholders' Rights", "the charter capital of a company may be increased by increasing the nominal value of shares or placing additional shares."
Reduction of the charter capital of a joint-stock company occurs in emergencies and is carried out in the same manner as its increase. The decrease in the amount of authorized capital is due to a decrease in the total number of shares. This includes the purchase of shares by the company itself with subsequent payment.
According to the current legislation, a joint-stock company may pay material wealth, property or other rights, which are monetized as a contribution to the charter capital and contributed by the founders to pay for the company's shares. Forms of payment for shares of the company at the time of its formation are specified in the agreement on the establishment of the company or the company's charter, payment for additional shares and other securities in the decision on their placement .

The shareholder must pay the full amount of the shares within the time limits set by the founding meeting, but not later than one year after the registration of the company. After the expiration of the period for the purchase of shares, the company has the right to sell them at its discretion.
A citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan (charter capital) is a company divided into shares in the amounts specified in the constituent documents. The amount of divided shares in the charter capital of such a company is determined by the constituent documents. Its participants are liable for the obligations only within the limits of their property.
The charter capital of a limited liability company is formed only at the expense of the contributions of the founders, and its increase or decrease may occur with the consent of all with the increase or decrease of the shareholders. A member of the company must pay his contribution within one year after the date of registration of the company. According to the current legislation, reserve capital is created in enterprises, organizations and societies. Its amount should not be less than 20% of the charter capital of the company. The reserve capital is formed annually by deductions from net profit until it reaches the amount specified in the company's charter.
The reserve capital is used to cover losses incurred by the enterprise, to pay dividends on preferred shares, and to repurchase shares at the request of shareholders. At the same time, the reserve capital accounts are intended for the reserve account, which is formed from the profit account in accordance with the inflationary reserves arising from the revaluation of long-term assets. The property received free of charge is reflected in the account at the fair value determined by the expert or on the basis of transfer documents.
Form 5 of the Financial Report, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 15, 2004 No. 5, states that the structure of private capital consists of: charter capital, added capital, reserve capital, retained earnings, loss not covered by private capital.