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Better Reading English
(Man built the buildings before the earthquake knocked them down.)
the next moment it
had fallen
(The building was already completely collapsed.)
B.
Identify time order
Each sentence contains two verbs. Underline the verb that happened first.
1.
He had moved to San Francisco several years before the earthquake hit.
2.
They picked up the debris that had fallen during the quake.
3.
They helped neighbors that had gotten hurt.
4.
They couldn’
t ight the ire because water pipes had broken in the
earthquake.
C.
Use the grammar
Complete each sentence with the verbs in parentheses. Put one verb in the
simple past and the other verb in the past perfect.
1.
He _________________ (wake up) early the morning that the earthquake
_________________ (hit).
2.
The people _________________ (realize) that they _________________ (not
prepared) for such a disaster.
3.
The ire _________________ (destroy) many buildings that
_________________ (not fall) in the quake.
4.
She _________________ (go) back to her house, but it _________________
(collapse).
5.
He _________________ (remember) that the building _________________
(shudder) violently before it fell down.
VI. READ IT AGAIN
Read the excerpt again. Answer the questions.
1.
What were the houses made of?
2.
What words does the writer use to describe sounds?
San Francisco
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63
THE
DEVELOPMENT OF ALCATRAZ
I. PRE-READING
A.
Background information
Alcatraz Island is right in the middle of beautiful San Francisco Bay and visible
from the many high places in the city. These days it seems like a strange place
for a prison. However, prisoners of different kinds were held on Alcatraz for over
100 years. The prison closed in 1963, and the island
is now a popular tourist
destination. These paragraphs tell a small part of Alcatraz’s long history.
B.
Words to know before you read
____ 1.
fortress
a. prisoner
____ 2.
lighthouse
b. a stream or movement of water
____ 3.
mineral resources
c. amount something can hold
____ 4.
miner
d.
useful metals and rocks, like gold and
silver
____ 5.
current
e. a tower with a warning light for ships
____ 6.
captive
f. a person who works to take minerals
from the earth
____ 7.
capacity
g. a strong,
well-protected building or
group of buildings
C.
Reading strategy
You can learn what period of history is covered by a reading by scanning for
dates before you begin. Look quickly for the dates in this reading and write
them in order.
__________ __________
__________ __________
__________ __________
__________
II. READ
Read the text. Mark the words you don’t know, but don’t stop reading to look
them up.
By 1853, U.S. Army engineers had started constructing
a military fortress on the
island, along with t
he Paciic Coast’s irst operating lighthouse. In 1848, the
discovery of gold along the American River in California brought shiploads of
miners from around the world to the West Coast in search of the precious
metal. As word spread around the globe of abundant wealth in California, the
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Better Reading English
III. COMPREHENSION CHECK
These events are not in order. Write the correct date next to each event.
__________ Gold was discovered in California.
__________ The cell house was almost full.
__________ Prisoners from the Spanish-American War came to the island.
__________ The army began building a fortress.
__________ Nonmilitary prisoners were transferred to
the prison because of the
earthquake.
__________ A three-story prison building was built on the island.
__________ Civil War prisoners started coming to Alcatraz.
IV. VOCABULARY BUILDING
A.
Word families
Read the word families in the table. Then choose the correct form for each of
the following sentences.
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