Dynamics and operation of renewable-based power systems

Dynamics and operation of renewable-based power systems

Introduction :The need for power system dynamic analysis has grown significantly in recent years. This is due largely to the desire to utilize transmission networks for more flexible interchange transactions. While dynamics and stability have been studied for years in a long-term planning and design environment, there is a recognized need to perform this analysis in a weekly or even daily operation environment. The increase in energy consumption in recent years has generated problems for power systems and the environment. Power systems face a growing demand, and this entails problems in energy storage, renewable energies, electric vehicles ,nanogenerators among others. In many cases, the need to preserve system reliability and stability is a bottleneck, which practically prevents the use of such sources, despite their positive environmental impact and low cost. In addition, power systems with a high penetration level of renewable energy sources will have different topologies, control methods, and management strategies. All over the world, electric power systems are encountering radical change stimulated by the urgent need to decarbonise electricity supply, to swap ageing resources and to make effective application of swiftly evolving information and communication technologies (ICTs). All of these goals converge towards one direction; ‘Smart Grid’. The Smart Grid can be described as the transparent, seamless and instantaneous two-way delivery of energy information, enabling the electricity industry to better manage energy delivery and transmission and empowering consumers to have more control over energy decisions. Without a doubt, Renewable Energy (RE) is the most popular source of energy for the future]. New solutions are constantly developed to increase RE-based generation at all levels of power system operation This shift towards clean energy addresses contemporary issues such as global warming and sustainability.[However, traditional power systems are not designed to accommodate dynamic generation devices at all levels, especially at the distribution level [Proliferation of RE-based Distributed Generators (DGs) causes unprecedented issues related to voltage and frequency stability as well as control and protection One very prominent issue is keeping frequency and voltage within acceptable margins [Early generation inverters that were used for RE-based DGs did not provide any support mechanisms. They would inject real power into the system and disconnect if there is a voltage or frequency event. More often than not, this would add fuel to the fire. For instance, when a voltage drop occurs due