Dr. P. Yugandhar m. D., Professor department of pulmonology



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ASTHMA PATHO CF UG

  • DR.P.YUGANDHAR M.D.,
  • PROFESSOR
  • DEPARTMENT OF PULMONOLOGY
  • ASRAM MEDICAL COLLEGE,
  • PRAGNA CHEST CLINIC, R.R., PET ELURU
  • “All that wheeze is not asthma
  • All asthmatics do not wheeze”

A Chronic Inflammatory Disorder of the airways

  • A Chronic Inflammatory Disorder of the airways
  • Many cells and cellular elements play a role
  • Chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing
  • Widespread, variable, and often reversible airflow limitation
  • GINA: Updated 2008

1.CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ASTHMA IS MADE BY SYMPTOMS OF EPISODIC BREATHLESSNESS,WHEEZING,CHEST TIGHTNESS AND COUGH.

  • 1.CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ASTHMA IS MADE BY SYMPTOMS OF EPISODIC BREATHLESSNESS,WHEEZING,CHEST TIGHTNESS AND COUGH.
  • 2.MEASUREMENTS OF LUNG FUNCTION BY SPIROMETRY/PEAKFLOW METER PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT THE SEVERITY,REVERSIBILITY AND VARIABILITY OF AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION AND HELP TO CONFIRM DIAGNOSIS OF ASTHMA.
  • 3.EXTRA MEASURES MAY BE REQUIRED TO DIAGNOSE ASTHMA IN CHILDREN <5yrs,ELDERLY AND OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA.
  • 5.MEASUREMENT OF ALLERGY STATUS CAN HELP TO IDENTIFY RISK FACTORS THAT CAUSE ASTHMA IN INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS.
  • 6. FOR PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMS CONSISTENT WITH ASTHMA, BUT NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION MEASUREMENT OF AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS MAY HELP CONFIRM THE DIAGNOSIS.

The global prevalence ranges from 1%-18% of population in different countries

  • The global prevalence ranges from 1%-18% of population in different countries
  • According to World Health Organisation (WHO 2005) .. 300 million people suffer from Asthma
  • In India, 57,000 deaths were attributed to Asthma in 2004 (WHO 2004)
  • Seen as one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in rural India (Smith 2000)
  • World Health Organization. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, WHO, 2008.
  • Smith KR. National Burden of disease in India from indoor air pollution. 2000. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. Nov 21, 97(24). 13286-93.
  • J Managed Care Pharm. 2003;9(6):534-43
  • J Managed Care Pharm. 2003;9(6):534-43
  • J Managed Care Pharm. 2003;9(6):534-43

Estimated Number of Obstructive Airway Disease Patients in India

  • Estimated Number of Obstructive Airway Disease Patients in India
  • 1. Murthy KJR, NCMH Background Papers – Burden of Diseases in India, 2008
  • 1. Murthy KJR, NCMH Background Papers – Burden of Diseases in India, 2008
  • 1. Murthy KJR, NCMH Background Papers – Burden of Diseases in India, 2008
  • 1. Murthy KJR, NCMH Background Papers – Burden of Diseases in India, 2008

Risk Factors

  • Risk Factors
  • (for development of asthma)
  • INFLAMMATION
  • Airway
  • Hyperresponsiveness
  • Airflow Obstruction
  • Risk Factors
  • (for exacerbations)
  • Symptoms
  • Source: Peter J. Barnes, MD
  • Asthma Inflammation: Cells and Mediators
  • Source: Peter J. Barnes, MD
  • Mechanisms: Asthma Inflammation
  • Source: Peter J. Barnes, MD
  • Asthma Inflammation: Cells and Mediators
  • Gawchik SM et al. Role of antileukotriene agents in asthma therapy. JAOA, Vol 100. No1, Jan 2000.

1.COPD

  • 1.COPD
  • 2.LVF(CARDIAC ASTHMA)
  • 3.LOCALISED NARROWING OF MAJOR AIRWAYS-TUMOR OR TRACHEAL STENOSIS
  • 4.FUNCTIONAL OBSTRUCTION OF UPPER AIRWAY-ESPECIALLY IN YOUNG WOMEN(HYPERVENTILATION SYNDROME AND PANIC ATTACKS)
  • 5.VOCAL CORD DYSFUNCTION.

1.CHRONIC RHINO SINUSITIS

  • 1.CHRONIC RHINO SINUSITIS
  • 2.GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL DISEASE
  • 3.TUBERCULOSIS
  • 4.CYSTIC FIBROSIS
  • 5.CILIARY DYSKINESIAS
  • 6.FOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION
  • 7.CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS AND ANAMOLIES OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT.
  • 8.CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

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