Don’t Make Me Think, Revisited a common Sense Approach to Web Usability Steve Krug

#1. Fix the usability problems that confuse everyone
One of the things that I find annoying about the Tang argument (“making
sites accessible makes them more usable for everyone”) is that it obscures
the fact that the reverse actually 
is
true: Making sites more usable for “the
rest of us” is one of the most effective ways to make them more effective for
people with disabilities.
If something confuses most people who use your site, it’s almost certain to
confuse users who have accessibility issues. (After all, people don’t

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suddenly become remarkably smarter just because they have a disability.)
And it’s very likely that they’re going to have a harder time recovering from
their confusion.
For instance, think of the last time you had trouble using a Web site (running
into a confusing error message when you submitted a form, for example).
Now imagine trying to solve that problem without being able to see the page.
The single best thing you can do to improve your site’s accessibility is to test
it often, and continually smooth out the parts that confuse everyone. In fact,
if you don’t do this first, no matter how rigorously you apply accessibility
guidelines, people with disabilities still won’t be able to use your site. If it’s
not clear to begin with, just fixing code problems is like [insert your favorite
putting-lipstick-on-a-pig metaphor here].
#2. Read an article
As I hope you’ve seen by now, the best way to learn how to make anything
more usable is to watch people actually try to use it. But most of us have no
experience at using adaptive technology, let alone watching other people use
it.
If you have the time and the motivation, I’d highly recommend locating one
or two blind Web users and spending a few hours with them observing how
they actually use their screen reader software.
Fortunately, someone has done the heavy lifting for you. Mary Theofanos
and Janice (Ginny) Redish watched 16 blind users using screen readers to do
a number of tasks on a variety of sites and reported what they observed in an
article titled “Guidelines for Accessible and Usable Web Sites: Observing
Users Who Work with Screen Readers.”
6
6
 
Published in the ACM magazine
Interactions 
(November-December 2003). With permission from
ACM, Ginny has made it available for personal use at
redish.net/images/stories/PDF/InteractionsPaperAuthorsVer.pdf
. Yes, it’s ten years old, but it’s
still relevant.
As with any kind of user testing, it produced invaluable insights. Here’s one
example of the kinds of things they learned: