Saif al-Islam’s New Rhetoric: Arab-Israeli Coexistence
and the Holocaust
Saif al-Islam has played an important role in drawing Libya into a new
era in its political history, satisfying his father’s dire need for fresh input
into the state’s leadership to present mainly to the outside world in order
to promote Libya’s interests in its challenging times at the turn of the
century. Trusting his son completely, Qadhafi gradually expanded Saif
al-Islam’s responsibilities, allowing him a great deal of room in Libya’s
dealings in diplomacy and with the international media. Indeed, being
Zionism and Judeo-Islamic Relations in the Middle East: Libya’s Position · 319
the product of the new media-savvy generation, while radiating charm
and having mastery over the English language as well as an understand-
ing of the Western mentality and political culture, Saif al-Islam became
an attractive interviewee for the foreign media. Consequently, he was
widely quoted on a range of topics, including relations between Islam
and Judaism and Arab-Israeli coexistence.
One of his most astonishing declarations was his exceptional public
recognition of the Holocaust—the “genocide of the Jews” in his words.
His extraordinary statement, the like of which had never publicly been
uttered by any Libyan official, was made early in 2005 when the world
was marking the sixtieth anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz. Seiz-
ing upon the opportunity presented by the World Economic Forum in
Davos and presumably moved by the atmosphere that surrounded the
international community’s efforts at this time to sanctify the memory of
the Holocaust, Saif al-Islam stated that “it is not right to deny the geno-
cide . . . because it indeed transpired . . . and if there are Arabs that deny
it, then, in my opinion, this is not right.”
33
However, Saif al-Islam did not repeat this statement in public, pre-
sumably facing strong criticism by various circles in his country’s ruling
echelons, primarily figures from the powerful “Revolutionary Commit-
tees.” These organs, established by Qadhafi in the late 1970s in response
to mounting opposition against his regime, were responsible for prevent-
ing any deviation from its ideological and political “revolutionary” prin-
ciples. This included the deeply rooted rejection of the “Zionist state.”
However, during the early 2000s, the militant Revolutionary Commit-
tees, who have played the role of the regime’s watch dogs for almost
three decades, have become a political burden for Qadhafi due to their
rigid adherence to policies and tactics first designed in the 1970s. They
have tried to block the new spirit of pragmatism that has entered into
Libya’s domestic and foreign affairs, clinging to causes and slogans that
even Qadhafi has relinquished, such as a total commitment to the Arab
world and a public call for the total annihilation of Israel. It was not sur-
prising, therefore, that these Revolutionary Committees have reduced
the breathing space Saif al-Islam needed for opening Libya up to the West
and for promoting domestic reform. It was not long before the Commit-
tees and Saif al-Islam clashed.
34
The representation of the Holocaust has become a major criterion
in the examination of attitudes about Jews in general and about Israel
320 · Yehudit Ronen
in particular, in Libya and the broader Arab Muslim world, as well as
among radical right-wing movements in Europe and the United States.
Furthermore, Arab and Muslim circles have taken Nazi symbols, termi-
nology, and ideology and projected them onto Zionism and the state of
Israel, attempting thereby to portray the Jews and the Israelis as having
metamorphosed from victims to victimizers. This perception has gained
further credence during the last two decades, which have witnessed vio-
lent confrontations between Israel and the Palestinians in the form of
the two bloody eruptions of intifada. Moreover, the Palestinians, whom
Libya has consistently supported, view the Holocaust within the context
of the general Arab struggle against Zionism and of the Palestinian 1948
“naqba” (catastrophe).
35
Despite Saif al-Islam’s extraordinary declaration concerning the Ho-
locaust, there was a total absence of public debate or official reaction in
Libya on the topic in the aftermath of his statement. Saif al-Islam’s voice
remained a lone opinion within his country’s top echelons, and even this
remained a onetime event. Either Qadhafi was ideologically and emo-
tionally not ready to adopt such a position, or he feared serious political
repercussions from the various ruling circles, particularly from the Revo-
lutionary Committees, should he back his son’s statement or even allow
him to repeat it. Nevertheless, Saif al-Islam was not alone. Since the mid-
1990s, a new trend has become discernible among Arab intellectuals who
have begun calling for a new approach to the Holocaust, acknowledging
the Nazi atrocity as a crime against humanity, while separating its human
aspects from the discussion of the Holocaust’s political repercussions.
What motivated Saif al-Islam’s public recognition of the Holocaust
remains unknown. On the one hand, it is possible that it was Tripoli’s
way of testing the waters of both internal and international reaction to
a potentially more moderate official line regarding a broader change of
attitude toward Jews and the state of Israel. Alternatively, it could sim-
ply be Saif al-Islam’s personal opinion, unrelated to any formal shift in
Libyan policy, and consequently it was his self-confidence in being able
to freely express his views that allowed him to voice such an idea. In ei-
ther case, his declared recognition of the Holocaust has become especially
prominent when placed in the context of Muslim and Arab Holocaust
deniers who have portrayed it as a “myth,”
36
while denouncing “Jewish
Nazism” against “Muslim Arab victims.”
37
Later in 2005, Saif al-Islam proved again that he did not harbor the
Zionism and Judeo-Islamic Relations in the Middle East: Libya’s Position · 321
traditional anti-Zionist and anti-Israel ideology of the ruling circles in
Tripoli. “Libya has no problem dealing with Israel since Libya views itself
as an African [country] as opposed to an Arab country. . . . Libyans do not
need to be more Palestinian than the Palestinians themselves.” He stated
clearly that “Libya is thousands of miles away from Israel and we need
not pursue a confrontation with them [i.e., the Israelis].”
38
During the summer of 2005, Saif al-Islam reiterated his position that
Libya’s “state of war with Israel is practically over. . . . We participated
in the war when Egypt fought [against Israel] and when the Palestinian
factions fought [against it]. But if the Palestinian factors are negotiating
today and sitting at the same table as the Israelis, Egypt, Jordan and all
the Arab countries who are having direct ties and negotiations with Is-
rael and they have embassies [there]—the story is over.”
39
Saif al-Islam’s
repeated message should be viewed in light of Israel’s implementation of
its disengagement plan from the Gaza Strip, conducted in full view of the
international media. This move was rewarded by a subsequent measure
of Arab and Muslim reconciliation with Israel, most prominently the lift-
ing of Bahrain’s economic boycott of Israeli products and the meeting of
Israeli Foreign Ministry officials with their Pakistani counterparts on 1
September 2005 in Istanbul. This meeting was followed by Islamabad’s
declared readiness to begin a dialogue with Israel.
40
Significantly, however, Saif al-Islam avoided reiterating his opinion
vis-à-vis Israel and Judeo-Islamic relations in the last quarter of 2005,
seemingly obeying the orders of his father and other top officials of the
regime. At this time, Tripoli certainly did not need any further destabi-
lizing or discordant input into its rigid political and ideological agenda,
especially in light of the unwanted rumors on both a planned secret visit
by Qadhafi to Israel and on his intention to play a role in the process of
Arab Muslim normalization with Israel. Concurrently, Israeli and Arab
sources reported on the exchange of contacts between the two countries’
representatives, including a meeting between Libyan officials and Israeli
MPs Ilan Shalgi of the Shinui Party and Ephraim Sneh of the Israel Labor
Party.
41
In addition to these rumors, it was alleged that General Musa
Kusa, the director of Libyan Intelligence, secretly visited Israel in Au-
gust 2005 and met Prime Minister Ariel Sharon.
42
These rumors were
denied by Libyan officials, including Foreign Minister ῾Abd al-Rahman
Shalqam.
43
Whatever the truth, the alleged contacts did not bear any dis-
cernible fruit. Moreover, Saif al-Islam’s alleged adoption of his father’s
322 · Yehudit Ronen
“Isratin” formula as the only acceptable solution to the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict reflected the increasing constraints on his political autonomy,
at least with regard to airing his views on the highly charged issue of
Libya’s somewhat softened attitude toward Israel.
44
This was further at-
tested to by the statement released by a top Foreign Ministry official,
Sa῾id ῾Uraybi Hafyanah, who stressed in June 2005 in response to Saif
al-Islam’s relatively pragmatic approach to Israel that the willingness of
“the engineer,” namely Saif al-Islam, to enter into dialogue with Israel
“does not reflect official Libyan policy but rather his own business.” In
any case, Hafyanah reiterated that Libya supports “a single state solu-
tion as the [sole] permanent means for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict” and “eschews efforts at normalization with Israel in the interim
as long as there is bloodshed in the region.”
45
Hafyanah’s statement fol-
lowed an earlier statement by Libya’s foreign minister, Shukri Ghanem,
which declared that Israel is “a mistake in the political geography.”
46
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