Divergence of Judaism and Islam



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The Divergence of Judaism and Islam Interdependence Modernity and

“Zeal and Noise”
Jewish Imperial Allegiance and the Greco-Ottoman War  
of 1897
Julia Phillips Cohen
This chapter explores how Ottoman Jews’ manifestations of patriotism 
during the empire’s 1897 war with Greece affected their relations with 
their neighbors, both Christian and Muslim. It does so by examining the 
cases of two Ottoman port cities situated in the eastern Mediterranean 
basin, each with a sizeable Jewish population.
1
 The first section of the 
chapter concentrates on the Jewish community of Salonica, an Ottoman 
city perched at the top of the Aegean, where—by a number of accounts—
Jews constituted the single largest demographic group in the urban fab-
ric.
2
 The second section shifts the focus to Izmir, also an Aegean port 
city, with a Jewish population about a third the size of Salonica’s Jewish 
community.
3
 There, Jews found themselves living as a minority in a city 
with much larger Muslim and Christian populations.
4
  Needless  to  say,  these  demographic  differences  made  the  circum-
stances each community faced distinct. Yet the backdrop of an Ottoman 
state framework lent the Jewish communities of Salonica and Izmir many 
structural similarities as well. In part because they considered their em-
pire an Islamic state, Jews in both places came to express a pronounced 
sense of identification with local Muslims and even with Islam per se 
during the late Ottoman era, a trend that intensified as hostilities erupted 
with Greece in the spring of 1897. Although this occurred as a result of 
both  strategic  and  spontaneous  acts  of  self-positioning,  ultimately,  as 
war beckoned and tensions grew in the early months of 1897, the Jewish 


30   ·   Julia Phillips Cohen
leaders  of  each  city  found  themselves  confronting  similar  challenges, 
many of which they had not anticipated.

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