Discourse analysis and grammar

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS AND GRAMMAR

• Prepared by: Umirova Z.A.

OUTLINE

• Introduction
• References
• Conjunction
• Theme and Rheme
• Substitution and Ellipsis
• Tense and Aspect

INTRODUCTION

• Discourse analysis and grammar study familiar terms like: clause, pronoun, adverbial and conjunction and attempt to relate them to a less familiar set of terms: theme, rheme, reference and anaphoric in order to make link between grammar and discourse.

GRAMMATICAL COHESION AND TEXTUALITY

• Spoken and written discourses display grammatical connections between individual clauses and utterances.
• These grammatical links can be classified under three broad types:

Reference or co-reference

Ellipsis/substitution

Conjunction

REFERENCES

• The term reference is traditionally used in semantics to define the relationship between a word and what it points to in the real world, but in Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) model it simply refers to the relationship between two linguistic expressions.
• Reference as an act by which a speaker (or writer) uses language to enable a listener (or reader) to identify something.
• Reference is cohesion created when “an item in one sentence refers to an item in another sentence” (Johnstone 118).

References

(SITUATIONAL)EXOPHORIC

(TEXTUAL)

ENDOPHORIC

TO PRECIDING

(TEXT ANAPHORA)

TO FOLLOWING (TEXT CATAPHORA)