2038132004.Dilmurod Juraev.
Question #1.What pretreatment should be done in MALDI-imaging of
formalin-fixed and parafilm-embedded (FFPE) tissues? Explain together
with the reason.
Answer#1.
First of all, I have read and tried to analys two articles to find the answer for this
question. They are:
1. Novel In Situ Pretreatment Method for Significantly Enhancing the
Signal In MALDI-TOF MS of FormalinFixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue
Sections.
2. Imaging and mapping of mouse bone using MALDI-imaging mass
spectrometry.
I’ll try to explain my ideas by the both two articles. Many and these two
articles show that, one of the best pretreatment technique or way is the
technique of
Yu Kakimoto , Tatsuaki Tsuruyama and
Kawamoto.
Hirano et
al.
(Hirano et al., 2014
) reported MALDI-IMS for tooth cryosections
prepared by the Kawamoto method using adhesive film without any
pretreatment, such as fixation or
decalcification
. However, the signals
obtained from the
enamel
and dentin were not listed in the
metabolomics database. They concluded that almost all of these signals
were mineral which can interrupt ionization of large components.
Tissues were sectioned (5 μm for staining and MALDI-IMS of fresh
samples without any pretreatment by the Kawamoto method
(
Kawamoto, 2003)
, and 10 μm for MALDI-IMS of samples with
pretreatment) with a CM 3050 S cryostat (Leica Microsystems). For
staining, the sections were placed on normal glass slides and washed
with 100% ethanol. For MALDI-IMS, the sections were placed on ITO-
coated glass slides with electrically conducting double-adhesive tape for
samples without pretreatment, followed by washing with 70% and then
100% ethanol, and dried.
Now, I’ll try to continue explaining by giving answer to following
questions.
So,
What is pretreatment for MALDI MS-Imaging?
Here I’ll try to answer to this question by this schematic protocol. A schematic
of the protocol for MALDI-MS imaging is shown in Figure 2. Here, focused on
the most important experimental steps such as sectioning, pretreatment of the
section, and choice of matrix (e.g., 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, α-cyano-4-
hydroxycinnamic acid, 9-aminoacridine) and method for matrix application
(e.g., spraying, deposition, and sublimation). To obtain useful results with
MALDI-MS imaging, the sample pretreatment step is arguably the most
important overall. In particular, the sample type, size, thickness, matrix, method
of coating matrix, and other related factors need to be predetermined. Here,
focused on the key aspects and related methods to prepare a sample to ensure
reliable MALDI-MS imaging data.
Why is pretreatment improtnat in this field?
Now I'll try to give some features of bones, with or without pretreatment.
Histological and histochemical features of bones with or without
pretreatment
To evaluate the influence of fixation and decalcification solutions on the
histological and histochemical features of femurs and tibiae,
cryosections were stained with H-E, Alcian blue, Azan, and PAS. Among
the various fixation and decalcification conditions, sections from TCA-
treated samples were the most suitable to examine both histology and
comprehensive MS images (Fig. 1B), followed by samples decalcified
with EDTA after fixation (Fig. 1C, D). Bone marrow peeled
from trabecular bone surfaces in samples decalcified with formic
acid (Fig. 1E, F). Cartilage in the growth plate and bone marrow were
unable to keep their structure in decalcified samples without fixation
(Fig. 1G, H). There was no difference between samples with Azan or PAS
staining. However, with Alcian Blue staining, bone marrow in unfixed
and Carnoy/EDTA-treated samples turned dark blue (Fig. 1A, D, G, and
H