Dictionary of islamic architecture

Further reading:
J.S.Birks, 
Across the Savannas to Mecca: The Overland
Pilgrimage Route from West Africa,
London 1978.
A.D.Petersen, ‘Early Ottoman forts on the Darb al-Hajj’,
Levant
XXI, 97–118, 1989.
—— ‘Two medieval forts on the Hajj route in Jordan’,
Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan,
Vol 35,
1991.
S.A. al-Rashid, 
Darb Zubaydah,
Riyadh 1980.
J.Sauvaget, ‘Les Caravanserais syriens du Hadjdj de
Constantinople’, 
Ars Islamica
4, 1937.
al-Hakim, Mosque of
One of the principal mosques of Cairo named after the
Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim bi Amr Allah.
This mosque, also known as al-Anwar, ‘the
illuminated’, was begun in 990 under the Caliph al-
Aziz but was not completed until 12 years later
under the Caliph al-Hakim. At the time of its
construction this mosque was outside the city but
was later incorporated within the city walls of Badr
al-Jamali.
In its general design the mosque resembles those
of Ibn Tulun and al-Azhar. It has a central rectangular
courtyard surrounded by an arcade of pointed arches
resting on brick piers. A raised transept runs from
the courtyard to the mihrab. There were three domes
on the qibla side, one in front of the mihrab and one
in either corner. The front façade has a projecting
entrance flanked by two cylindrical minarets
decorated with inscriptions and carved bands. Later
in 1010 the minarets were enclosed by giant brick
cubes possibly because the minarets contravened a
long-established Fatimid rule that the call to prayer
was not to be made from a place higher than the
mosque roof. The present minarets on top of the brick
cubes belong to the Mamluk period.
Some of the original decoration has survived, in