Results
Source
. . . . . . . . . . .
<
http://mitpress.mit.edu/designingsound/
boing.html
>
Conclusions
A discontinuous effect can cause periodic impacts which are themselves short
excitations of the vibrating object. Different modes of vibration can be modelled
separately and combined.
406
Boing
Exercises
Exercise 1
Modify the model to include a discontinuity where the bar alternates between
length
l
and
l/
2 on each cycle.
Exercise 2
Investigate the properties of either a coiled stiff spring or lamellophone such as
the marranzano (“jaw harp”
1
). Model either using any appropriate method.
References
Benson, D. J, (2007).
Music: A Mathematical Offering
. Cambridge University
Press.
Olson, H. F. (1967).
Music, Physics, and Engineering
, 2nd ed. Dover.
1. Or “Jew’s harp,” which has no connection with Judaism, and is thus considered a deroga-
tory name. It is actually an early Chinese instrument.
Nature
407
Practical Series
Nature
Nature hates calculators.
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
Natural Elements
Earth, water, air, and fire. Corresponding to four states solid, liquid, gas, and
plasma, these are the elemental forms recognised by all cultures throughout his-
tory. Although attributed by North Western culture to the Greeks Empedocles
and Aristotle they have symbolic counterparts in the alchemic, religious, and
magical traditions of almost all cultures, including documented counterparts
amongst Hindu, Chinese, Arabic, African, and Native American peoples.
Of course, we need to take these loosely in a modern interpretation, such as
fitting electricity (including lightning) into the fire/plasma category. And since
“Earth” is not a dynamic element, we have already covered it under the head-
ing of idiophonics, that is, rigid body collisions. Two concepts will interest us
much more in the following practicals, turbulence and statistical distributions.
The Practicals
•
Fire, in the familiar form of a bonfire. We consider the process of combus-
tion and the physical forces present that cause sound, a perfect example
for component analysis.
•
Bubbles, an example that leads us to examine both gases and liquids
simultaneously, so we can treat it as a general look at the properties of
fluids.
•
Flowing water: constructing a model of flowing liquids to see how fluid
friction, turbulence, depth and speed of flow all contribute to the sound.
•
Poured liquids. Continuing from the previous practical, a model of liquids
in a vessel is developed.
•
Rain: the ideas of pressure signatures, volumetric extents, and statistical
distributions are introduced.
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