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The mausoleum of Sayyid Alauddin
The mausoleum is one of the most ancient monuments of Ichan-Kala. The mausoleum consists of ziyarathana (places of worship) and gurhana (tomb). Over the centuries, due to the increase in the number of burials and land strata the mausoleum remained below ground level. Archaeological excavations have accumulated a lot of information on the history and appearance of the old monument. Living in the past, historian Ahmed Razi, including Sayyid Alauddin into the list of the major known Khorezm sheikhs, claims that he was one of the biggest sheikhs after the sheikh Nadzhmeddin Kubra. These words can also be read in the works of Navoi and Jami. The manuscript of the Khivans Safarzadeh son of Babajan about the holy people of Khorezm writes the following: "This man was born in the XIII century, a native of Khorezm Uzbeks. As a youth, after finishing of the old school, studying at the madrasah he was a mullah, who taught children in the old school at the mosque. He was considered as a schoolteacher of Pahlavan Mahmud". In gurhana (burial place) the dakhma (tomb) remarkable beauty is placed, which is considered sacred, which is lined with elegant glazed majolica tiles of green, dark blue, blue and white colours. All colours in the patterns of majolica form some extraordinary beauty by their relief. Such majolica patterns in Khiva are the only ones. Their age mates and similar to them on the performance of patterns are the majolica patterns formed on the tomb of Sheikh Nadzhmeddin Kubra in his mausoleum in the city of Kunya-Urgench (in Turkmenistan), and on the tomb of the mausoleum of Kusam ibn Abbas in the Shahi Zinda complex in Samarkand. Sayyid Alauddin Mausoleum was built on the initiative of his disciple and mureed, known representative of the Muslim persuasion of Nakshbendi Amir Sufi Kulyal (who died in 1380 and was buried in the city of Shakhrisabz, at the command of Amir Timur in the family cemetery of the Timurid dynasty).
The structure of the mausoleum is a bit unpresentable. His angular mukarnases (volumetric stalactites) with big kosamons, the octagonal dome in the form of ancient Khiva skullcap look very simplistic. But the mausoleum was famous because of this tomb of incomparable beauty, that due to the large difference between the very simple view of the mausoleum and variety of its decoration and elegance seems to be brought from another place. Dakhma is piled and decorated like a monumental building. The ground is executed in the form of a stepped elevation, decorated with miniature columns in the corners, the front part of the dakhma is covered with glazed majolica tiles. Its walls are fine painted with floral ornaments in the form of fine borders within which there are patterned panels. The facets of dakhma in the form of fine borders, panels, two miniature sagana (tombs) installed on dakhma are decorated with floral ornaments. Small floral patterns are displayed very realistic. Their shape reminds the patterns inflicted into household items during that period . Flowers, used on majolica dakhma patterns, fine lines inside the large forms, all of them together make colourful and attractive picture. Against the background of the diversity of ornamental openwork the inscriptions written in white paint on small surfaces of small sagana differ from others.
Our great Sheikh Alauddin,
With his death he has received the grace of Allah
The day of his departure from the happy month of shaban,
Ten days later occurred.
From these verses, it became known that the sheikh died on March 18, 1303. Mausoleums over graves of famous sheikhs over time turned into a place of worship (ziyaratgah). Khan of Khiva Alla Kuli Khan (1825 - 1842) built the magnificent structure over his tomb during his reign as a sign of commitment to him and allocated a significant amount of waqf land. In 1825, the mausoleum was fully restored, arched wings of the destroyed portal were piled again in a little shortened form. The niches inside the building were laid, the floor in the room is laid out of Khiva square bricks and the walls are plastered by ganch. On top of the walls 14 lines of poetry in Arabic script in Persian were written with ink. In these inscriptions it is reported that the building was restored by the order of Allah Kuli Khan under the leadership of Hamid Khoja son of Hubbikuli Khoja.
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