Davlat test markazi state testing centre under the cabinet of ministers

TASK 3 
Summarize the following text in about 100 words. Avoid using original wording 
as far as possible. 
 
Millions of fish 
have been dying in Australia’s major rivers 
 
by Ruby Prosser Scully 
Fish have been struggling to breathe and dying by the millions on the banks of Australia‟s largest 
river system. Experts say that without serious change, it will continue to happen. 
Poor management, excess upstream irrigation and drought led to three mass deaths of 
endangered fish species during December and January in the Murray-Darling Basin. These 
deaths included Murray cod fish that were decades old, according to an investigation by the 
Australian Academy of Science that was published last week. Craig Moritz at the Australian 
National University in Canberra, who chaired the investigation, says the sight of millions of dead 
fish should be a wake-up call. He described the mass fish deaths as a mainland equivalent of the 
coral bleaching events that have been hitting the Great Barrier Reef. 
Much of Australia‟s economy and food security depends on the Murray-Darling Basin, a 
complex river system with 2.6 million nearby residents, including more than 40 Aboriginal 
nations. The Australian Academy of Science investigation was initiated by the opposition Labor 
party. The government has also launched its own separate investigation, but the panels from both 
have agreed on the immediate cause of the fish deaths. Warm, still water created the perfect 
environment for blue-green algae to bloom. Algae are important for providing oxygen in the 
upper layers of water, but when they die, they fall to the bottom of the riverbed where 
microorganisms that deplete oxygen in the lower layers feed on them. 
A cold snap caused the oxygenated upper layer and the larger, unoxygenated, lower layer of 
water to mix. Fish that had been surviving in the shallow top layers quickly ran out of oxygen 
and suffocated. The government-commissioned interim report highlighted role of “exceptional 
climactic conditions” in exacerbating the situation. But Moritz‟s report said the drought hadn‟t 
been unprecedented, and that excess upstream irrigation led to a lack of water and a 
“catastrophic decline” of the system‟s condition through dry periods. 
Culum Brown at Macquarie University says focusing on extreme weather conditions is 
“nonsense” and that management of the Murray-Darling river system had ignored the predictable 
results of climate change. “Sticking your head in the sand and pretending climate change does 
not exist is not an appropriate management action,” says Brown. 
Source: 
www.newscientist.com
 

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Tijoriy maqsadlarda foydalanish (sotish, ko„paytirish, tarqatish) taqiqlanadi.
23 
Answer key 
LISTENING 
1.
C 
2.
A 
3.
B 
4.
C 
5.
B 
6.
B 
7.
C 
8.
B 
9.
A 
10.
A 
11.
C 
12.
A 
13.
A 
14.
B 
15.
A 
16.
C 
17.
A 
18.
B 
19.
A 
20.
B 
21.
B 
22.
A 
23.
A 
24.
A 
25.
A 
26.
C 
27.
B 
28.
C 
29.
B 
30.
C 
READING 
1.
D 
2.
B 
3.
A 
4.
B 
5.
B 
6.
A 
7.
C 
8.
C 
9.
A 
10.
D 
11.
B 
12.
H 
13.
K 
14.
F 
15.
A 
16.
J 
17.
D 
18.
L 
19.
E 
20.
G 
21.
B 
22.
A 
23.
A 
24.
A 
25.
A 
26.
C 
27.
B 
28.
C 
29.
B 
30.
C 
LEXICAL AND GRAMMAR 
COMPETENCES 
1 B 
2 D 
3 C 
4 A 
5 C 
6 A 
7 B 
8 D 
9 C 
10 A 
11 C 
12 A 
13 D 
14 C 
15 B 
16 B 
17 B 
18 A 
19 A 
20 A 
21 B 
22 A 
23 B 
24 A 
25 A 
26 B 
27 A 
28 B 
29 B 
30 A