Change in standing of region relative to national average in last five and ten years156
|
1991
|
1996
|
2001
|
GDP/capita (€)
|
7.451
|
15.081
|
16.787
|
Population
|
256200
|
2547500
|
2596200
|
Employment (persons)
|
1186900
|
1066700
|
1044900
|
Unemployment (persons)
|
141.172
|
187.051
|
233.588
|
Unemployment rate
|
10,3
|
16,2
|
18,8
|
|
1995
|
1997
|
1999
|
R+D expenditure (mio €)157
|
507
|
584
|
672
|
Estimated effect on regional circumstances of different domestic policies:
|
Strongly positive:
|
Slightly positive
|
Neutral
|
Slightly negative
|
Strongly negative
|
Territorial Policy
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Public sector transfer
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Employment policy
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Technology policy
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
Bremen
GDP per head (2000)
DE5 Bremen: 33.112 € 158 (average of old Länder incl. Berlin: 26.426 € and excl. Berlin: 26.637 €)159
Germany160: 24.700 €
EU-15 = 100; DE5 = 142,9161
GDP at current prices/in Million €
DE5 Bremen162: 21 887
Germany163 (mio €): 2.030.000
EU-15164(mio €): 8 524 371
Employment rate (2000)
388.000 persons in gainful employment165 = 85,1%166 (German average = 68,8%)
Unemployment rate (2002)
40.532 persons: 12,6 % 167 (German average: 9,8%; West 7,9%, East: 18,0%)
Technological standing (5 point scale): 3,7
Strengths168 [short description]
With a surface area of 404 km² and a population of 660.000 (in 2002) Bremen is (after Hamburg) the second-busiest port of Germany and trade centre for all kind of goods (rank 8 worldwide). Every third workplace is actually linked to the port, which is planned to be extended by a port of transshipment for cars. In addition to the Bremen ports, the state supports a mix of trade, shipbuilding, fishing and other industries such as vehicle construction, aerospace, mobile technologies, life science, logistics and tourism. Especially the food and semi-luxury foods and tobacco producing industry are major sectors of the economy. Beer, coffee, and Mercedes cars have made Bremen famous. The second-largest DaimlerChysler plant in Europe (workforce: 16,385 employees) is located here as well as EADS and Astrium (more than 5,000 employees), which make the city one of the German aerospace industry centres for the production of Airbus wings, the Space Lab and the Columbus Space Laboratory. Furthermore, Bremen and Bremerhaven hold a leading position in the food industry.
Companies: Astrium, Atlanta AG, Atlas Elektronik, BakeMark, Beck & Co., BLG Logistics Group, Brewing STN, DaimlerChysler, EADS, Eduscho, Frosta, Hachez, Kelloggs, Klöckner, Könecke, Kraft Foods, Nordsee, Philips, Siemens, Stahlwerke Bremen GmbH, Vitakraft.
1 university, 4 public institutes of higher education, 1 Max-Planck institute and 1 Fraunhofer installation are located here.
Weaknesses [short description]
Strong dependency on the harbour (33% of the GDP), long-term establishing of companies was often not very successful
Evolution in last decade [short description]169
Employment has been decreasing (1992: 409.300, 2002: 389.500) while at the same time the GDP/per capita (1992: 27.237€, 2002:34.753€) was growing.170
Unemployment is constantly decreasing (1997 16,8%, 2001: 13,6%) as well as the tax revenue (1997: 5.021.562 (thousand €); 2001: 4.640.343 (thousand €)). The turnover in proceeding industry has increased over the years (1997: 16.472 (mio. €), 2001: 20.799 (mio €)).
In the early 1950ies the harbours released after the end of the post-war dismantling. The 1978 settlement of Mercedes Benz at Bremen stimulated the economy and created new jobs. The same holds true for the Airbus production sites. The 1983 break down of Großwerft AG Weser instead supported the need for restructuring the economy. Thus, Bremen underwent structural changes from a typical shipbuilding centre and port to a forward-looking business location boasting high levels of technological expertise, with the support of economic sectors such as aerospace, modern car production, mirco electronic and high-tech environmental technologies and life sciences. The strengthening of the education and research sector moreover promoted the establishment of research institutes such as the Alfred Wegener Institute Foundation for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, the BIAS - Bremer Institut für Angewandte Strahltechnik GmbH or the Centre of European Law and Politics at the University of Bremen.
Further indicators:
Public revenue and spending (mill €)171
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001
|
Revenue
|
3.323
|
3.023
|
3.033
|
Spending
|
3.927
|
3.931
|
4.002
|
Employment per sector172
Agriculture:
1999: 966
2000: 929
|
Industry (without building and construction trade):
1999: 66.732
2000: 66.679
|
Building and construction trade:
1999: 17.307
2000: 17.121
|
Trade, tourism, transportation:
1999: 81.399
2000: 82.266
|
Public and private services:173
1999: 110.109
2000: 114.373
|
Industrial Structure
Branches of industry174
Branch
|
Employment figures
|
|
2000
|
2001
|
Production of goods of preliminary work (Vorleistungsgüter)
|
14.870
|
14.891
|
Production of items of capital expenditure
|
33.136
|
33.655
|
Production of consumer items (consumer and utility goods)
|
1.033
|
1.056
|
Production of consumer goods
|
15.762
|
15.528
|
Food and tobacco
|
1.392
|
1.380
|
Paper, printing, publishing
|
2.198
|
2.175
|
Fish processing
|
3.009
|
3.100
|
Metal (production, working, ..)
|
1.967
|
1.835
|
Mechanical engineering
|
5.352
|
5.557
|
Production of equipment for the production of electricity
|
3.293
|
3.558
|
Vehicle production
|
24.382
|
24.747
| Research base Employment in education, higher education and research175
Public expenditure on science and research (€)176
2002
|
732.513.840
|
2003
|
740.756.780
|
Students at universities 177
Wintersemester
|
Beginners
|
Total number of
|
1995/1996
|
3 390
|
26 369
|
2000/2001
|
4 228
|
26 538
|
2001/2002
|
5 026
|
28 220
|
Support infrastructure
Infrastructure (categories of streets)178
Category
|
Motorway (Autobahn)
|
Road network
|
Total
|
Kilometres
|
59
|
98
|
157
|
Vehicles179
2000
|
331 392
|
2001
|
337 252
|
Doctors and dentists (2000)180
Doctors
|
3.155
|
Dentists
|
528
|
Designation for principal domestic policy support instruments (5 point scale): 3,4
Territorial Policy
|
2,6
|
Public sector transfer
|
4,8
|
Employment policy
|
3,3
|
Technology policy
|
2,9
|
Bremen181
HB
|
Fiscal resources before SHES (in Mio. DM)
|
Divergence from national average (balance measurement)
(= 100)
|
Contribution / assignment within SHES
(in Mio. DM)
|
Fiscal resources after SHES
(in Mio. DM)
|
Divergence from national average (balance measurement)
(= 100)
|
Supplementary federal grants (in Mio. DM)
|
Fiscal resources after SHES and Gap-filling grants
(in Mio. DM)
|
Divergence from national average (balance measurement)
(= 100)
|
Gap-filling grants
|
Compensations for special political costs
|
Compensations for special burdens
(east Germany)
|
Transitional grants
(west Germany)
|
Rehabilitational grants Bremen and Saarland
|
SFH total
|
1995
|
2.948
|
80.9
|
562
|
3.510
|
96.3
|
121
|
126
|
0
|
80
|
1.800
|
2.127
|
3.631
|
99.6
|
1996
|
2.917
|
79.2
|
635
|
3.552
|
96.4
|
120
|
126
|
0
|
72
|
1.800
|
2.118
|
3.672
|
99.6
|
1997
|
3.144
|
86.4
|
350
|
3.494
|
96.0
|
130
|
126
|
0
|
64
|
1.800
|
2.120
|
3.624
|
99.6
|
1998
|
2.724
|
71.8
|
912
|
3.636
|
95.8
|
142
|
126
|
0
|
56
|
1.800
|
2.124
|
3.778
|
99.6
|
1999*
|
3.136
|
79.3
|
665
|
3.801
|
96.1
|
139
|
126
|
0
|
48
|
1.800
|
2.113
|
3.940
|
99.6
|
2000*
|
2.990
|
73.9
|
872
|
3.862
|
95.5
|
164
|
126
|
0
|
40
|
1.600
|
1.930
|
4.026
|
99.5
|
2001
|
2.830
|
74.9
|
787
|
3.618
|
95.8
|
144
|
126
|
0
|
32
|
1.400
|
1.702
|
3.761
|
99.6
|
*) preliminary
Impact on ex-ante divergence from national average of support from EU funds (7 point scale): 3,8
|
|
2000-2006 (mio €)
|
|
|
|
ERDF
|
ESF
|
EAGGF
|
|
|
Total
|
EU contribution
|
EU contribution
|
%
|
EU contribution
|
%
|
EU contribution
|
%
|
Objective 2
|
Bremen
|
354.659
|
113.034
|
113.034
|
100%
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Impact on ex-ante divergence from national average of domestic policies (7 point scale): 5
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |