Change in standing of region relative to national average in last five and ten years122
|
1991
|
1996
|
2001
|
GDP/capita (€)
|
17.851
|
21.991
|
22.507
|
Population
|
3.438.800
|
3.466.500
|
3.385.100
|
Employment (persons)
|
1.662.700
|
1.581.900
|
1.556.200
|
Unemployment (persons)
|
179.953
|
235.999
|
272.307
|
Unemployment rate
|
10,6
|
15,2
|
17,9
|
|
1995
|
1997
|
1999
|
R+D expenditure (mio €)123
|
2.417
|
2.588
|
2.778
|
Estimated effect on regional circumstances of different domestic policies:
|
Strongly positive
|
Slightly positive
|
Neutral
|
Slightly negative
|
Strongly negative
|
Territorial Policy
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Public sector transfer
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Employment policy
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Technology policy
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Brandenburg
GDP per head (2000)
DE4 Brandenburg124;16.535 € (average of new Länder incl. Berlin: 17.424 € and excl. Berlin: 16.216 €)125
Germany126: 24.700 €
EU-15 = 100; DE 4= 69,4127
GDP at current prices/in million €
Brandenburg128 (mio €): 43 000
Germany129 (mio €): 2.030.000
EU-15130 (mio €): 8 524 371
Employment rate (2000)
Employed persons: 1.045.000 131
Working age population: 1.847.393 132
Employment rate (2000): 56,3 %133 (German average = 68,8%)
Unemployment rate (2002)134
237.831 persons (all civil persons in gainful employment: 17,5%; civil employees: 19,1%)) (German average: 9,8%; West 7,9%, East: 18,0%)
Technological standing (5 point scale): 2,5
Strengths135 [short description]
Brandenburg is the region surrounding the German capital city of Berlin. The surface area is 29.477 km², inhabited by a population of 2.583.457 (in 2002).
Traditionally Brandenburg is characterised by a huge agricultural sector. One third of the surface (over 1 mio. hectare) is used for agricultural purposes. Alongside other traditional sectors such as vehicle manufacturing, timber, energy and chemicals, industries as biotechnology, the media, telecommunications and aerospace are gaining in importance. Biotechnologies have become a growth sector in recent years so that about 800 persons are employed in this field. Moreover, 50 medical technology companies have settled in Brandenburg.
The state is becoming attractive to the economy because of it modern transport and communications infrastructure and the closeness to Eastern European markets. Since 1990 circa 280 foreign companies set up business in Brandenburg. Moreover, Brandenburg offers investors investment incentives such as Capital Investment Grants, Federal tax allowances, Location Investment Grants, Technology & Innovation Grants (technology and innovation grant: research and development; introduction of new technology: up to € 204.000 per project; reduction techniques and renewable energy source grants: up to 20 percent of the project's cost), Infrastructure Grants, Interest Payment Grants, Loan guarantee program (for up to 80% of the contracted loan), Venture Capital (for high-tech start-ups or SME with solid growth potential). SME are eligible for grants of up to 50 percent of the total capital investment. Moreover, companies will receive a one-time grant of up to 35 percent for the development, set up, extension, conversion purchase of plants in Brandenburg. Projects related to the economic infrastructure (business-parks, tourism or job retrainment) are eligible for a one-time grant of 25-80 percent (dependent on the development location).
Potsdam-Babelsberg is a central location for movie and film production in Germany. Over 120 companies established offices here and investment in the location grew in the last years. 3 universities, 5 public institutes of higher education, , 15 technology centres, 3 Max-Planck institutes and 3 Fraunhofer installations are located here.
In 1999 the state held rank 8 in investment per employee in the processing industry.136
Companies: e.g. Altana, BASF, Bombardier, Daimler-Chrysler, Deutsche Bahn AG, Eberswalder Fleischwarenfabrik, Kronotex, Kunz Holding GmbH, Lufthansa Technik, Märkische Faser, MTU, Pneumant, Pratt & Whitney, Rolls Royce, Scannery Holztechnik N.V, Siemens, Spreewaldhof, Trevira, Tuffi, Werder Ketchup, ZF Friedrichshafen.
Weaknesses137 [short description]
Low density of population (88 inhabitants per km2; federal average: 230 inhabitants per km2). From 1989/90 to 1994 strongly affected by migration from the land. Since 1995 the only East German state with increase in population. Concentration in the Berlin-Brandenburg area. High unemployment (esp. in formerly agriculturally characterised areas). Like Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Berlin (East), Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, and Thüringen the state still belongs to the "priority 1" regions (regions with maximum subsidization possibilities) supported by the EU structural funds. High number of insolvencies.
Evolution in last decade [short description]138
Employment has been decreasing (1992: 1.053.300, 2002: 1.023.300) while at the same time the GDP/per capita was growing significantly (1992: 9.426€, 2002:17.054€).139
Since 1995 the economy is characterised by constant growth and since 1998 the state has the largest GDP growth (+3,2%) of all new Länder. Nevertheless, this growth is not mirrored by the employment situation. Growth in employment can only be witnessed in the service sector. The processing industry is currently further expanding (+3,8%; federal average: -0,5%). On the other hand, tourisms constantly gained in importance. Growth sectors are mainly timber industry, engineering and vehicle production, Rubber and synthetic material, chemical industry, food and paper sectors.
The shift within the economic structure from the dominance of agriculture (big factories; rye, linseed, flax seed production) towards processing industry (engineering, vehicle manufacturing, timber, energy and chemicals, industries as biotechnology, the media, telecommunications and aerospace) was accompanied and hindered by negative factors such as outdated production capacities, low productivity and a missing infrastructure. Areas, which were predominantly characterised by agriculture (northern part of the state) now show highest unemployment figures. Since 1993 the decrease was stopped and employment figures are stabilised. The mining sector (1991: 25% of the non agricultural production) and the building and construction trade were subject to structural change and constant decrease in economic relevance with a large number of closing down of companies).
Further indicators
Public revenue and spending (mill €)140
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
Revenue
|
9.177,8
|
9.244,2
|
9.353,4
|
8.508,0
|
Spending
|
9.834,0
|
9.699,5
|
9.915,9
|
10.163,1
|
Employment per sector141
Agriculture:
2002: 37.200
|
Industry (without building and construction trade):
2002: 135.400
|
Building and construction trade:
2002: 104.300
|
Trade, tourism, transportation:
2002: 223.200
|
Public and private services142:
2002: 414.800
|
Industrial Structure
Branches of industry 143
Branch
|
Employment figures
|
|
2002
|
Processing industry including mining and working of stone and earth
|
135.400
|
Building and construction trade
|
104.300
|
Trade and craft
|
223.200
|
Total industry
|
462.900
|
Investments144
Branch
|
Investments in mill. €
|
|
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
Processing industry including mining and working of stone and earth
|
1.045
|
1.128
|
1.138
|
Production of goods of preliminary work (Vorleistungsgüter)
|
734
|
705
|
709
|
Production of items of capital expenditure
|
194
|
288
|
259
|
Production of consumer items (consumer and utility goods)
|
16
|
37
|
25
|
Production of consumer goods
|
101
|
98
|
149
|
Total processing industry
|
2.090
|
2.256
|
3.415
|
Research base Employment in Education and, research145
1999
|
33.845
|
2000
|
33.971
|
2001
|
33.688
|
Public expenditure on science and research (€)146
1999
|
342.983.000
|
2000
|
327.690.000
|
2001
|
343.666.000
|
Students at universities 147
Wintersemester
|
Beginners
|
Total number of
|
1999/2000
|
2000: 4 812
|
19.896
|
2000/2001
|
2001: 5 310
|
21.649
|
2001/2002
|
2002: 5 254
|
22.721
|
2002/2003
|
-
|
25 086
|
Total number of public schools148
1999/2000
|
1.154
|
2000/2001
|
1.122
|
2001/2002
|
1.085
|
Computer equipment in private households (%)149
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
38,6
|
44,0
|
51,1
|
Internet access or online services (%)150
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
12,4
|
21,8
|
34,5
|
Telephone equipment of private households (%)151
|
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
ISDN
|
4,7
|
5,7
|
(8,5)
|
Mobil
|
31,6
|
54,7
|
70,4
|
Answering machines
|
36,1
|
39,2
|
44,1
|
Fax/PC fax cart
|
10,2
|
10,0
|
(12,4)
|
Support infrastructure
Infrastructure (categories of streets) 152
Category
|
Motorway (Autobahn)
|
Federal road (Bundesstraße)
|
Provincial road (Landesstraße)
|
District road (Kreisstraße)
|
Total
|
Kilometres
|
1999: 766
|
1999: 2.774
|
1999: 5.801
|
1999: 15.768
|
1999: 25.109
|
Vehicles153
2001
|
1.615.564
|
2002
|
1.639.823
|
2003
|
1.653.624
|
Doctors and dentists (2000)154
Doctors
|
7.252
|
Dentists
|
1.831
|
Designation for principal domestic policy support instruments (5 point scale): 4,2
Territorial Policy
|
4,3
|
Public sector transfer
|
4,7
|
Employment policy
|
4
|
Technology policy
|
3,5
|
Brandenburg155
BB
|
Fiscal resources before SHES (in Mio. DM)
|
Divergence from national average (balance measurement)
(= 100)
|
Contribution / assignment within SHES
(in Mio. DM)
|
Fiscal resources after SHES
(in Mio. DM)
|
Divergence from national average (balance measurement)
(= 100)
|
Supplementary federal grants (in Mio. DM)
|
Fiscal resources after SHES and Gap-filling grants
(in Mio. DM)
|
Divergence from national average (balance measurement)
(= 100)
|
Gap-filling grants
|
Compensations for special political costs
|
Compensations for special burdens
(east Germany)
|
Transitional grants
(west Germany)
|
Rehabilitational grants Bremen and Saarland
|
SFH total
|
1995
|
8.923
|
86.6
|
864
|
9.787
|
95.0
|
464
|
164
|
1.985
|
0
|
0
|
2.613
|
10.250
|
99.5
|
1996
|
8.907
|
85.1
|
1.035
|
9.942
|
95.0
|
471
|
164
|
1.985
|
0
|
0
|
2.620
|
10.413
|
99.5
|
1997
|
8.935
|
85.5
|
986
|
9.921
|
95.0
|
470
|
164
|
1.985
|
0
|
0
|
2.619
|
10.391
|
99.5
|
1998
|
9.474
|
85.6
|
1.044
|
10.518
|
95.0
|
498
|
164
|
1.985
|
0
|
0
|
2.647
|
11.016
|
99.5
|
1999*
|
9.937
|
85.2
|
1.147
|
11.084
|
95.0
|
525
|
164
|
1.985
|
0
|
0
|
2.674
|
11.609
|
99.5
|
2000*
|
10.163
|
84.5
|
1.263
|
11.426
|
95.0
|
541
|
164
|
1.985
|
0
|
0
|
2.690
|
11.967
|
99.5
|
2001
|
9.723
|
86.3
|
977
|
10.701
|
95.0
|
507
|
164
|
1.985
|
0
|
0
|
2.656
|
11.208
|
99.5
|
*) preliminary
Impact on ex-ante divergence from national average of support from EU funds (7 point scale): 6,5
|
|
2000-2006 (mio €)
|
|
|
|
ERDF
|
ESF
|
EAGGF
|
|
|
Total
|
EU contribution
|
EU contribution
|
%
|
EU contribution
|
%
|
EU contribution
|
%
|
Objetive 1
|
Brandenburg
|
6733.047
|
3090.223
|
1639.26
|
53.05%
|
730.66
|
23.64%
|
720.302
|
23.31%
|
Impact on ex-ante divergence from national average of domestic policies (7 point scale): 6,3
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |