D. U. Ashurova m. R. Galieva cognitive linguistics

And this mot, “The Buccaneer” was handied from mouth to mouth, till it become the favorite mode of alluding to Bosinney;

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   These misgivings, and this disapproval and perfectly genuine distrust, did not prevent the Forsytes from gathering to old Jolyon’s invitation;
   
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   Never had there been so full an assembly, for mysteriously united in spite of all their differences, they had taken arms against a common peril. Like cattle when a dog comes into the field, they stood head to head and shoulder to shoulder, prepared to run upon and trample the invader to death.
   

From these examples it follows that the Forsytes as typical representatives of the English bourgeois society looked upon those belonging to a different class as absolutely alien, unsafe and dangerous people against whom they must fight and defend themselves. So, the metaphor “Buccaneer” embodies a deep conceptual sense; it reveals the phenomenon of “Forsytism” and conveys the author’s vision of the existing social system of that time.
So, the peculiar feature of conceptual metaphor in the literary text, in our opinion, is its correlation with the conceptual information of the text and the author;s individual world picture. Another example in support of this idea is the story by A. Coppard “The Cherry Tree”. The story tells us about a poor English family – a widow and her children. The mother “toiled daily and dreadfully at a laundry”, leaving her children to their own devices. However, they were very much attached to each other. The metaphorical expression “CHERRY TREE” is used throughout the text: in the title, in the fragments of the mother’s recollections of her youth and her father’s cherry orchard, at the end of the text, where the author narrates the story about the children’s birthday present to their mother – an artificial cherry tree, a bush decorated with cherries. So, CHERRY TREE appears to be a central image of the story, which to a considerable extent influences the perception and interpretation of the story. Despite the cruelty of the social environment, the misfortunes and misery of the family’s life, the story on the whole produces a very positive impression on the reader. And mostly it is due to the conceptual metaphor, based on the image-schema FAMILY – CHERRY TREE. The source domain CHERRY TREE has very positive connotations and associations with the beauty of the blossoming cherry tree and its tasty, soft, sweet fruit. The conceptual features of the source domain projected onto the target FAMILY become a powerful means of its characterization: a friendly, tender, home atmosphere, the mother’s kindness and love to her children, the children’s devotion to their mother. In other words, the family tree despite the hostility of the outside world keeps on growing and yielding good fruit – cherries, symbolizing the loving and devoted children.
The conclusions of this section may be summed up as follows:

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  cognitive Linguistics has developed a new approach to the problem of metaphor and has introduced the notion of conceptual (cognitive) metaphor, regarded as a cognitive mechanism, one of the fundamental processes of human cognition, a specific way of conceptualizing information based on the mental process of analogy and knowledge transfer from one conceptual field into another;
  
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  conceptual metaphor is interpreted in terms of conceptual domains, image schemas and conceptual blending. The interaction of the source and target domains within the image-schematic structure results in conceptual blending containing selected aspects of both domains and generating new conceptual senses;
  
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  conceptual metaphor is widely employed in various fields of fiction, scientific texts, terminology, mass-media, advertisements, everyday speech, children’s speech, etc.
  

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