Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism

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LEA usage scenarios for social media
terms. An increase in objects further down the hierarchy indicates a change in situ-
ation or visibility that LEAs may need to react too. An addition of a new term may 
indicate a new event, for example the word “gunman” may keep appearing with a 
specific place name but five minutes later a second place name starts being picked up 
by the system and the objects are divided between the two. This might indicate that 
there is more than one gunman or that they are on the move.
This type of information usually takes the form of unstructured texts, unverified 
or partial reports, and human knowledge that is not necessarily included in the paper 
trail. However, bringing all this information from disparate sources and connecting 
the dots between them is vital for tracking organized crime. A collective intelligence 
platform is required to import, aggregate, filter, analyze, visualize and also to present 
this information in a concise manner. News aggregator app Summly (
www.summly.
com
; now Yahoo News Digest; 
Kelion, 2014
) pioneered the idea of mixing news and 
social media while recognizing that most users do not want long reports but short 
summary snippets. The same reasoning can be applied to developing crisis situations 
to provide reports to first responders, the public and those in control centers.
Crowd-sourcing in particular requires the public to get involved and contribute 
information. Debaters and the advanced users of SNSs are perhaps mostly likely to 
participate and LEAs should be aware of any demographic biases that may influence 
the information they receive. LEAs also have to consider how they want to receive 
their information as users prefer to stick with services they are familiar with. Users 
may also have privacy concerns about divulging geo-tagged information or attracting 
unwanted attention.