Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism

OBJECTIVITY, CONSISTENCY AND CREDIBILITY
Furthermore, in order to produce meaningful statistics a controlled vocabulary is a 
fundamental requirement. It transforms the data relating to child trafficking cases 
into a countable set of categories without discarding important information and with-
out misrepresenting the collected information.

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Child-centered information flows
The development of a standard data model should be the basis for the design of 
any technologically enabled information systems implemented as part of the MCA 
initiative.
A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CHILD PROTECTION
A system is a collection of components or parts organized around a common purpose 
or goal. As the MCA’s goal is improved protection of children from trafficking and 
exploitation it can be described as a child protection system. System components can 
be best understood in the context of relationships with each other rather than in iso-
lation. Several key elements of systems apply to child protection systems (
Wulczyn 
et al., 2010
). These include the following:
• Systems exist within other larger systems, in a nested structure. Children are 
embedded in families or kin, which live in communities, which exist within a 
wider societal system.
• Given the nested nature of systems, attention needs to be paid to coordinating 
the interaction of related systems so that their work is mutually reinforcing.
• Systems accomplish their work through a specific set of structures and 
capacities, the characteristics of which are determined by the context in which 
the system operates. In the case of cross-border child trafficking, the context 
varies between countries, government departments and in some cases even 
interventions.
• Changes to any system can potentially change the context, while changes to the 
context will change the system.
• Well-functioning systems pay particular attention to nurturing and sustaining 
acts of cooperation, coordination and collaboration among all levels of 
stakeholders.
• Systems achieve their desired outcomes when they design, implement, and 
sustain an effective and efficient process of care in which stakeholders are held 
accountable for both their individual performance and the performance of the 
overall system.
• Effective governance structures in any system must be flexible and robust in 
order to cope with uncertainty, change, and diversity.
The adoption of a systems approach means that the challenges presented by the MCA 
initiative are addressed holistically. The roles and assets of all the key actors, includ-
ing governments, NGOs, community structures, families and caregivers, technology 
providers, and most importantly children themselves, are all taken into consideration.