Cutting- edge science

August | 2020
CUTTING- EDGE SCIENCE
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL
SECURITY OF THE JOINT STOCK COMPANIES
Yusupov Shokhjakhon Bakhodir ugli
Tashkent State University of Economics, independent researcher
Abstract: This article describes the methods that serve to ensure the financial security of
joint-stock companies. It also cites several analysis methods that are widely used around
the world in ensuring the financial security of a joint-stock company. The analysis of the
financial condition of the joint-stock company and financial ratios is also reflected.
Keywords: Financial security, financial analysis, capital, assets, cash flow, financial
rations.
An essential component of the mechanism for managing the financial security of the
joint-stock companies is the systems and methods of its analysis. Financial security
analysis is a process of studying the financial condition and the main results of the
economic activities of joint-stock companies to determine the level of protection of its
financial interests from threats and to identify reserves for its increase.
To solve specific problems of managing the financial security of an enterprise that
several unique systems and methods of analysis are used, which make it possible to
obtain a quantitative assessment of the level of protection of individual financial interests
from threats both in statics and in dynamics. In the theory of financial security, depending
on the methods used, the following main topics of financial security analysis carried out
by the enterprise are distinguished: horizontal analysis; vertical; comparative analysis;
analysis of coefficients; quarterly analysis.
Horizontal financial analysis;
1.Research of the dynamics of indicators of the reporting period in comparison with
indicators of the previous period.
2.Investigation of the dynamics of indicators of the reporting period in comparison
with indicators of the same period last year
3.Study of the dynamics of indicators for several previous periods.
Vertical financial analysis. This analysis is based on the structural decomposition of
individual indicators of the financial statements of the enterprise. In the process of
carrying out this analysis, the proportion of different structural components of aggregated
financial indicators is calculated. In the management of the financial security of an
enterprise, the following types of vertical analysis are most widespread:
1.Structural analysis of assets. In the process of this analysis, the proportion of current
and non-current assets is determined; elemental composition of current assets; the
element composition of non-current assets; the structure of the company's assets by the
level of liquidity; formation of the investment portfolio by type of securities and others.
The results and analysis are used in the process of optimizing the composition of the
company's assets.
2.Structural analysis of capital. In the process of this analysis, the proportion of equity
and debt capital used by the enterprise that is determined; the composition of the
borrowed capital used by the periods of its provision (short and long-term borrowed
capital was counted); the formation of the borrowed capital used by its types bank credit;
financial credit of other forms; commodity (commercial) credit, etc. The results of this
analysis are used in the process of assessing the financial effect, determining the weighted
average cost of capital, optimizing the structure of sources for the formation of borrowed
financial resources, and in other cases.

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