Course paper

Partial: the then president (тогдашний)
             An adverb is used as an adjective, only in this particular context.
Total: work – to work

Word formation is one of the main ways of enriching vocabulary. There are 4 main ways of word-building in Modern English: affixation, composition, conversion, abbreviation.

· Linguists distinguish among 3 types of affixes. An affix that is attached to the front of its base (stem) is called a prefix. An affix that is attached to the end of its base is turned suffix. English has no system of infixes (within a stem – to express tense, number or gender). As a rule prefixes modify the lexical meaning of stems to which they are added. Suffixes modify the lexical meaning of the stem, but also usually transfer the word itself to another part of speech.

e.g. care (n) – careless (adj)

As prefixes are indifferent to parts of speech they are characterized according to:

ü their origin: Native (un-), Romanic (in), reek (sym-)

ü meaning: negative (in-, un-, non-, a-, dis-); prefixes of time and order (ex-, neo-, fore-, after-, post-); prefixes of repetition (re-); reversed prefixes (de-, un-, dis-); locative prefixes (extra-, pan-, super-, sub-, trans-); size and degree (hyper-, mega-, mini-, super-, ultra-, vice-).

ü productivity (the ability to make new words)

e.g. (un)- is a highly productive

Suffixes can be divided according to: a). their origin: Romanic (-age, -ment), Native (-er, -dom, -ship), Greek (-ism, -ize); b). meaning: e.g. (-er) denotes the agent of the action,

(-ess) denotes feminine gender, (-ence, -ance) has abstract meaning; c). parts of speech they form: noun suffixes (-er, -ness, -ment), adjective forming suffixes (-ish, -ful, -less), verb forming suffixes (-en, -fy); d). productivity: relative freedom with which they can combine with bases of the appropriate category: productive (-er, -ly, -ness, -ie, -let), non-productive (-dom, - th) and semi-productive (-eer, -ward)