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Electric Circuit Analysis by K. S. Suresh Kumar

IntroductIon
The profession of Electrical and Electronic Engineering deals with the generation, transmission and 
measurement of electric signals with signal power level varying from few nWs (10
-
9
Watt) to hundreds 
of MW (10
6
Watt) in various applications.
This textbook deals with one of the ‘kingpin’ subjects in the entire field of electrical and electronic 
engineering in detail. An Electric Circuit is a mathematical model of a real physical electrical system. 
Physical electrical systems consist of electrical devices connected together. Electric Circuit idealizes the 
physical devices and converts the real physical system into a mathematical model that is governed by a set 
of physical laws. Circuit solution is obtained by applying those physical laws on the mathematical circuit 
model and employing suitable mathematical solution techniques. The circuit solution approximates the 
actual behaviour of the physical system to a remarkable degree of accuracy in practice.
Chapter 
1
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1.2


CircuitVariablesandCircuitElements
Though the term electric circuit refers to the idealized mathematical model of a physical electrical 
system, it is used to refer to the actual electrical system too in common practice. However, when we 
refer to electric circuit in this text, we always mean a mathematical model, unless otherwise stated.
Laws of electromagnetic fields govern the electrical behaviour of an actual electrical system. These 
laws, encoded in the form of four Maxwell’s equations, along with the constituent relations of electrical 
materials and boundary constraints, contain all the information concerning the electrical behaviour 
of a system under a set of specified conditions. However, extraction of the required information from 
these governing equations will turn out to be a formidable mathematical task even for simple electrical 
systems. The task will involve solution of partial differential equations involving functions of time and 
space variables in three dimensions subject to certain boundary conditions.
Circuit theory is a special kind of approximation of electromagnetic field theory. ‘Lumped 
parameter circuit theory’ converts the partial differential equations involving time and three space 
variables arising out of application of laws of electromagnetic fields into ordinary differential equations 
involving time alone. Circuit theory approximates electromagnetic field theory satisfactorily only if the 
physical electrical system satisfies certain assumptions. This chapter discusses these assumptions first.

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