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particular 
w
) in the phasor equivalent circuit.
4. Therefore, a memoryless circuit driven by DC sources and a dynamic circuit driven by 
sinusoidal sources of same frequency under sinusoidal steady-state will have similarly 
structured equations of analysis. The only difference is that the variables in a memoryless 
circuit are real-valued, whereas variables in a dynamic circuit under sinusoidal steady-state are
complex-valued.

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Sinusoidal Steady-State Response from Phasor Equivalent Circuit 
7.19
5. Two circuit analysis techniques called nodal analysis and mesh analysis were developed for 
memoryless circuits in Chapter 4. We did not depend explicitly or implicitly in any way on the 
‘real-valued’ nature of circuit variables to arrive at these analysis procedures in that chapter. 
Hence those analysis techniques should remain valid even when the circuit variables and element 
impedances turn out to be complex numbers.
6. Similarly, all the circuit theorems which depend on properties of Nodal Conductance Matrix 
and Mesh Resistance Matrix and linearity for their proof should remain applicable to phasor 
equivalent circuits too, provided, the criterion of ‘sinusoidal steady-state’ does not conflict with 
the assumptions underlying the theorems in any manner.
7. A straightforward application of KVL and KCL will show that the series equivalent impedance 
of n phasor impedances connected in series will be given by 
Z
eq 
=
Z
1 
+ 
Z
2 
+ 
... 
+ 
Z
n
and that the 
parallel equivalent admittance of n phasor admittances connected in parallel will be equal to