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Electric Circuit Analysis by K. S. Suresh Kumar

IntroductIon
Electrical power generation, transmission and distribution employ sinusoidal voltage and current 
waveforms to carry power. That, in itself, is a sufficient reason for a detailed discussion on steady-
state analysis of circuits containing R, L and C.
A sinusoidal waveform is completely specified by three parameters. For example, if v
S
(t
=
A sin 
(
w
 
t 
+
q
) V, this waveform is completely specified by three numbers – A
w
and 
q
. Therefore, sending 
a pure sine wave from a transmitter to a receiver in a communications context is pointless because 
such a waveform cannot carry any information other than that contained in just three numbers. And, 
for that matter, no waveform that is known completely beforehand can carry any information. Certain 
degree of uncertainty in the waveform to be transmitted is a precondition for information transmission 
from one location to another. Hence, the correct mathematical description of an information-bearing 
Chapter 
6


6.2
Power and Energy in Periodic Waveforms 
signal can only be a statistical description. However, despite this, the entire area of Electronic and 
Communication Engineering relies heavily on sinusoidal analysis of circuits and systems.
This raises two questions – (i) Why did the Electrical Power Industry prefer sinusoidal waveform to 
any other waveform? (ii) Why does Electronics and Communications Engineering concern itself with 
sinusoidal analysis though a single-frequency sinusoid is hardly ever employed in a communication 
system?
These two questions are first answered in this chapter. Subsequently, the concepts of instantaneous 
power, average power, effective value of waveforms etc. are developed for sinusoidal waveforms as 
well as for other periodic waveforms.

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