Copyright 1996

participation in community life than pre\ lously
school education appropriate to the child's  
had been thought possible  
needs, are essential   Without a strong  
 
community-based system of care,  the  
B In many western societies, five categories of
intellectually disabled run the risk of becoming
intellectual disability have traditionally been
a huge underclass as in the United States, where
used in order to indicate the perceived degree
thousands of intellectually disabled are  
of difficulty an individual has with learning All
homeless because of the American policy of de-
five may onur in either children, adolescents
institutionalisation
or adults, and show as mild moderate severe.
profound o  multiple intellectual disability
E With the introduction of the intellectually  
However in due reliance on such categories and
disabled into communities, there is a need to 
the ipiiseqi -ill pigeonholing' of individuals
promote awareness of communication  
into one p| tl • lueiategonesLan result in failure
Although many people may have little  
IP 
pros ide 1 e opportunities for each person to
experience in talking with an intellectually  
di \ i lop  
disabled person, and anticipate great difficulty
 
in communication, there are common guidelines
C lor tin m.i|only of ink llec.tual disabilities.
that can simplify the interaction Firstly, it is  
then' is no idi nliliable cause but there are some
useful to remember that people with disabilities
causes that are u ell documented They include
have feelings and can usually understand what
brain damage at birth due to lack of oxygen —
is said, even though they sometimes may take
prolonged labour during childbirth, brain
longer to respond Speaking in the same friendly
damage before birth due to factors such as
manner as you would to anyone else, and using
rubella, drug or diet-related problems, damage
straightforward language and uncomplicated 
after birth due to illnesses such as encephalitis
sentences, is also recommended Being prepared
or accidents, hereditary defects in the genes,
to wait a little longer for replies during a  

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conversation with an intellectually disabled 
hearing. Ultimately, the idea is to encourage 
person, would undoubtedly benefit the 
intellectually disabled people to do things for 
exchange. Above all, it is suggested not to talk 
themselves.  
about the person with someone else within their  
 
Questions 1-3 
Complete the following statements by writing ONE word from Reading Passage 
2 in the spaces numbered 1-3 on the answer sheet. 
1 .   Training helps intellectually disabled people be a part of a ___  ____  ___  . 
2. 
In order to retain a job people with disabilities need ____________  .   _ .  
.  
3. 
Housing for intellectually disabled people needs to be________________. 
Questions 4-8 
Read each statement and according to the text, write T if the statement is true, F 
if the statement is false and IE of there is insufficient evidence. Write your 
answers in the spaces numbered 4-8 on the answer sheet. 
4. 
Intellectual disability is an unchanging disorder. 
5. 
Poor nutrition in mothers can lead to brain damage in newborns. 
6. 
Down syndrome is the result of a shortage of oxygen at birth. 
7. 
Work is the most urgent need for a person with disabilities. 
8. 
Intellectually disabled people usually have hearing problems. 

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QucstMiis 9-10 
According to Reading Passage 1, which TWO causes of brain damage are not 
related to birth or genes. Use ONE word for each answer. Write your answers in 
the spaces numbered 9-10 on the answer sheet.