Copper metallurgical slags: mineralogy, bio/weathering processes and metal bioleaching



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TH2015PESC1201 diffusion

aeruginosa (c). .............................................................................................................. 181
 
FIGURE 6.7 SEM images presenting weathering features of granulated slag after exposure to 
ultrapure  water  (a),  growth  medium  (b)  and  growth  medium  with  Pseudomonas 
aeruginosa (c). .............................................................................................................. 182
 
FIGURE  6.8  Saturation  indices  of  possible  secondary  precipitates  predicted  by  Visual 
MINTEQ for experiments with crystalline slag............................................................ 184
 
FIGURE  6.9  Saturation  indices  of  possible  secondary  precipitates  predicted  by  Visual 
MINTEQ for experiments with granulated slag. .......................................................... 185
 
FIGURE  6.10  Comparison  of  dissolved  fraction  ratios  [%]  and  dissolved  biotic  fraction 
versus fraction total. ...................................................................................................... 191
 


xix 
 
FIGURE 6.11 A justification for the need of search for “green” methods of metal recovery. .... 
 
 ........................................................................................................................... 198
 
FIGURE  7.1  Evolution  of  pH  throughout  the  experiment  with  A.  thiooxidans  (A-D)  and  
P. fluorescens (E-F). ..................................................................................................... 209
 
FIGURE  7.2  The  release  of  metals  from  crystalline  slag  in  the  experiment  with  
A. thiooxidans. .............................................................................................................. 211
 
FIGURE  7.3  The  release  of  metals  from  amorphous  slag  in  the  experiment  with  
A. thiooxidans. .............................................................................................................. 212
 
FIGURE  7.4  The  release  of  metals  from  crystalline  slag  in  the  experiment  with  
P. fluorescens. ............................................................................................................... 214
 
FIGURE  7.5  The  release  of  metals  from  amorphous  slag  in  the  experiment  with  
P. fluorescens. ............................................................................................................... 215
 
FIGURE  7.6  SEM  images  of  CS  grains  after  abiotic  (A)  and  biotic  leaching  (B-C)  with  
A. thiooxidans. .............................................................................................................. 217
 
FIGURE 7.7 SEM images of AS grains after abiotic (A1 and A2) and biotic leaching (B1-C2) 
with A. thiooxidans. ...................................................................................................... 218
 
FIGURE 7.8 SEM images of slag grains resulting from the leaching with P. fluorescens. .. 219
 
FIGURE 7.9 Extraction yields achieved in the experiments with A. thiooxidans. ................ 220
 
FIGURE 7.10 Extraction yields achieved in the experiments with P. fluorescens. ............... 225
 
FIGURE  8.1  Life-cycle  of  metallurgical  slag  including  the  ultimate  stages  to  be  undertaken 
prior implementing the final management strategy. ..................................................... 233
 
FIGURE 8.2 Overview of the experimental work carried out in the frame of PhD activity.  234
 
FIGURE 8.3 Summary of chemical and phase composition of individual slags. .................. 235
 
FIGURE 8.4 Concentrations of metals extracted from slags exposed at pH 2 (24 h). .......... 236
 
FIGURE  8.5  Industrial  approaches  regarding  slag  management  applied  formerly  and 
nowadays and consequences faced. .............................................................................. 238
 
FIGURE 8.6 Slags buried in soil. ........................................................................................... 238
 
FIGURE 8.7 Summary of the data obtained from the experiments simulating soil weathering 
scenario. ........................................................................................................................ 239
 
FIGURE 8.8 Results of the study considering bio-weathering scenario. ............................... 243
 
FIGURE 8.9 Crucial results of the bioleaching experiments carried out with A: CS and B: GS.
 
 ........................................................................................................................... 245
 
FIGURE 8.10 Ultimate stages to be passed through prior to implement metal recovery. ..... 252
 

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