Copper metallurgical slags: mineralogy, bio/weathering processes and metal bioleaching


CHAPTER 4: CHARACTERIZATION AND pH-DEPENDENT LEACHING



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CHAPTER 4: CHARACTERIZATION AND pH-DEPENDENT LEACHING 
BEHAVIOUR OF HISTORICAL AND MODERN COPPER SLAGS .................. 96
 
4.1
 
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 98
 
4.2
 
MATERIALS .................................................................................................................. 99
 
4.3
 
METHODS ................................................................................................................... 100
 


xi 
 
4.3.1
 
Sample preparation .............................................................................................. 100
 
4.3.2
 
Chemical analyses ................................................................................................ 101
 
4.3.3
 
Phase determination ............................................................................................. 101
 
4.3.4
 
Quantification of metals accommodated in mineral phases................................. 102
 
4.3.5
 
Leaching experiments .......................................................................................... 102
 
4.4
 
RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 103
 
4.4.1
 
Macroscopic properties of the slags ..................................................................... 103
 
4.4.2
 
Chemical composition of the slags ...................................................................... 104
 
4.4.2.1
 
Major compounds ......................................................................................... 104
 
4.4.2.2
 
Minor compounds ......................................................................................... 105
 
4.4.3
 
Mineralogy and phase composition of slags ........................................................ 107
 
4.4.3.1
 
Mineralogy .................................................................................................... 107
 
4.4.3.2
 
Chemical composition of slag phases ........................................................... 111
 
4.4.3.2.1
 
Silicates ..................................................................................................... 111
 
4.4.3.2.2
 
Sulfides and intermetalic compounds ....................................................... 114
 
4.4.3.3
 
Quantification of metals accommodated in mineral phases ......................... 117
 
4.4.3.4
 
Leaching experiment .................................................................................... 118
 
4.5
 
DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................... 121
 
4.5.1
 
Bulk composition of copper slags ........................................................................ 121
 
4.5.2
 
Phase composition ............................................................................................... 123
 
4.5.3
 
Leaching behaviour .............................................................................................. 125
 
4.6
 
CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 128
 

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