Convenience

t
, 439
f
strengths and weaknesses of, 439–440
types of, 437
bureaucracy, 172
bureaucratic control, 442, 442
f
bureaucratic model of organization design,
172–173
burnout, 276
business-level strategies
defined, 72
formulating, 74–76
Porter and, 74–75
product life cycle and, 75–76, 76
f
business plan, 141
business process change, 204–206
approaches to, 206
defined, 204
need for, 204, 206
buy national laws, 54
C
cafeteria benefit plans, 243
capacity, 462
cellular layouts, 465
centralization, 169
chain of command, 166–167
change.
See
organization change
charisma, 344
charismatic leadership, 344–345
Cheaper by the Dozen
(movie), 13
chiselers, 15
Civil Rights Act of 1991, 227
t
, 228, 229
classical decision model, 104, 104
f
classical management perspective, 12–14
administrative management as, 13–14
defined, 12
scientific management as, 12–13, 13
f
today, 14
closed systems, 20
cluster chain, 376
f
coalition, 112
code sharing, 187–188
codes of ethics, 45
coercion, 349, 350
coercive power, 331
cognitive abilities, creativity and, 280
cognitive component, of attitude, 269
cognitive dissonance, 269
cohesiveness
consequences of, 408
defined, 407
increasing factors for, 407, 407
t
performance norms and, 408
f
reducing factors for, 407
t
, 408
collective bargaining, 248
510
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communication, 361–389
barriers to, 379–381, 380
t
change and, 200
defined, 364–365
digital, 371–375
effective, 364
forms of, 367–375
horizontal, 370, 370
f
improving, effectiveness, 381–383, 381
t
,
382
f
informal, 375–379, 375
f
interpersonal, 367–368
managing, 379–383
network, 368–369, 369
f
nonverbal, 377–379
organizational, 369–370, 370
f
process, 366–367, 366
f
useful information and, 365–366
vertical, 369–370, 370
f
communication effectiveness, improving,
381–383
communication network, 368–369, 369
f
communication process, 366–367, 366
f
communication skills, building effective, 60,
91–92, 318, 418, 484
communication skills, defined, 9
company productivity
compensation, 240
competition, quality and, 474
competitor
defined, 39
task environment and, 40
f
complete information, 365
comprehensive approach to change, 196, 197
f
compressed work schedule, 309
computer-aided design (CAD), 467
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), 467
computer-assisted manufacturing, 467–468
computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM),
467
conceptual skills
building effective, 120, 154, 184, 417
defined, 8–9
concern for people, 333, 334
f
concern for production, 333, 334
f
conflict
causes of, 410–412
controlling, 413–414
defined, 409
intergroup, 411
interorganizational, 412
interpersonal, 409–411
managing, 412–414, 412